| AuNRs | gold nanorods |
| BTE | bone tissue engineering |
| CAE | constant-pass energy |
| CTAB | hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide |
| CFU | colony forming units |
| EDX | energy-dispersive X-rays |
| HA | hydroxyapatite |
| NPs | nanoparticles |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
| TSB | tryptone soya broth |
| XPS | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| XRD | X-ray powder diffraction |