Table 1.
Proportions of antimicrobial classes prescribed over the period of study.
| Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification | Class/Sub-Class of Antimicrobials | Proportion of Antimicrobials in July 2019 | Proportion of Antimicrobials in January 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|
| A07—Intestinal Anti-infectives | Number of Antimicrobials and Patients | N = 1 | - |
| Antibiotics | 100% (n = 1/1) | - | |
| J01—Antibacterials for systemic use | Number of Antimicrobials and Patients | N = 174; 88 patients | N = 138; 82 patients |
| Tetracyclines | 1.1% (n = 2/174) | - | |
| Penicillins | 21.3% (n = 37/174) | 22.5% (n = 31/138) | |
| a. Penicillins with extended spectrum | 37.8% (n = 14/37) | 51.6% (n = 16/31) | |
| b. β-lactamase = sensitive penicillins | 21.6% (n = 8/37) | 3.2% (n = 1/31) | |
| c. β-lactamase = resistant penicillins | 29.7% (n = 11/37) | 45.2% (n = 14/31) | |
| d. Combinations of penicillins, including β-lactamase inhibitors | 10.8% (n = 4/37) | - | |
| Other β-lactams | 39.1% (n = 68/174) | 26.1% (n = 36/138) | |
| a. First-generation cephalosporins | - | - | |
| b. Second-generation cephalosporins | 51.5% (n = 35/68) | 41.7% (n = 15/36) | |
| c. Third-generation cephalosporins | 47.1% (n = 32/68) | 58.3% (n = 21/36) | |
| d. Fourth-generation cephalosporins | - | - | |
| e. Carbapenems | 1.5% (n = 1/68) | - | |
| Sulfonamides/trimethoprim | 1.7% (n = 3/174) | 5.8% (n = 8/138) | |
| Macrolides/liconsamides/streptogramins | 8.0% (n = 14/174) | 13.8% (n = 19/138) | |
| Aminoglycosides | 2.9% (n = 5/174) | 2.2% (n = 3/138) | |
| Quinolones | 8.0% (n = 14/174) | 10.1% (n = 14/138) | |
| Other antibacterials | 17.8% (n = 31/174) | 19.6% (n = 27/138) | |
| J02—Antimycotics for systemic use | Number of Antimicrobials and Patients | - | N = 1; 1 patient |
| Triazole derivatives | - | 100% (n = 1/1) | |
| J04—Antimycobacterials | Number of Antimicrobials and Patients | N = 2; 2 patients | N = 4; 4 patients |
| Other drugs for tuberculosis | - | 25.0% (n = 1/4) | |
| Combinations of drugs for tuberculosis | 100% (n = 2/2) | 75.0% (n = 3/4) | |
| J05—Antivirals | Number of Antimicrobials and Patients | N = 2; 2 patients | N = 3; 1 patient |
| Nucleosides and nucleotides, excluding reverse transcriptase inhibitors | 50.0% (n = 1/2) | - | |
| Nucleosides and nucleotides reverse transcriptase inhibitors | - | 66.7% (n = 2/3) | |
| Combinations of antivirals for treatment of HIV infections | 50.0% (n = 1/2) | ||
| Other antivirals | - | 33.3% (n = 1/3) | |
| P01—Antiprotozoals | Number of Antimicrobials and Patients | N = 39; 31 patients | N = 1; 1 patient |
| Nitroimidazole derivatives | 53.8% (n = 21/39) | - | |
| Antimalarials | 46.2% (n = 18/39) | 100% (n = 1/1) | |
| a. Artemisinin and derivatives—plain | 38.9% (n = 7/18) | 100% (n = 1/1) | |
| b. Combinations of artemisinin and derivatives | 61.1% (n = 11/18) | - |