Table 3.
Biogenic amines concentration (mg/kg) in processed wheat bran.
| Samples | PUT | CAD | HIST | SPRM | TYR | PHE | SPRMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WCon | 91.3 ± 2.4a | 33.8 ± 2.0a | 9.2 ± 0.4a | 35.9 ± 2.5b | nd | nd | nd |
| WConLpl | 88.6 ± 3.7a | 48.9 ± 3.5b | nd | 31.8 ± 1.7b | nd | nd | nd |
| WConLu | 109.3 ± 5.2b | nd | nd | 26.2 ± 0.9a | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex115 | 105.1 ± 4.3b | nd | nd | 35.2 ± 2.6b | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex115/Lpl | 138.6 ± 5.4e | nd | nd | 44.2 ± 3.4c | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex115/Lu | 139.6 ± 6.1e | nd | nd | 34.9 ± 2.5b | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex130/16 | 134.2 ± 3.4e | nd | nd | 30.6 ± 2.1b | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex130/16/Lpl | 115.4 ± 5.4bc | nd | nd | 33.9 ± 1.9b | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex130/16/Lu | 122.1 ± 2.8cd | nd | nd | 31.6 ± 2.0b | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex130/20 | 150.6 ± 6.3f | nd | nd | 31.5 ± 0.7b | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex130/20/Lpl | 126.6 ± 2.9d | nd | nd | 31.2 ± 1.8b | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex130/20/Lu | 154.1 ± 4.7f | nd | nd | 32.5 ± 2.3b | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex130/25 | 107.0 ± 5.4b | nd | nd | 25.3 ± 2.1a | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex130/25/Lpl | 160.1 ± 7.2f | nd | nd | 33.6 ± 3.1b | nd | nd | nd |
| Wex130/25/Lu | 91.3 ± 2.1a | 33.8 ± 2.1a | 9.2 ± 0.3a | 35.9 ± 2.7b | nd | nd | nd |
W—wheat bran; Con—non-extruded control; Lpl—fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum; Lu—fermented with L. uvarum; ex115—extruded at 115 °C with a screw speed of 16 rpm; ex130/16—extruded at 130 °C and 16 rpm; ex130/20—extruded at 130 °C and 20 rpm; ex130/25—extruded at 130 °C and 25 rpm; PUT—putrescine; CAD—cadaverine; HIST—histamine; SPRM—spermine; PHE—phenylethylamine; TYR—tyramine; SPRMD—spermidine; nd—not detected. Data are represented as means (n = 5) ± SE. a–f—mean values within a lines denoted with different letters are significantly different (p ≤ 0.05).