Table 1.

Demographics of blunt trauma patients with long-bone extremity fractures.

	Without embolism	Fat embolism
Characteristic	(n = 324,049)	(n = 116)	p-value
Age, year, median (IQR)	59.0 (37, 76)	29.0 (23, 51)	<0.001
Male, n (%)	164,802 (50.9%)	82 (70.7%)	<0.001
ISS, median (IQR)	9.0 (11, 16)	12.0 (11, 21)	<0.001
Hypotension on admission, n (%)	12,711 (4.2%)	9 (8.5%)	0.03
Comorbidities, n (%)
Congestive heart failure	17,470 (5.4%)	6 (5.2%)	0.92
Smoker	54,047 (16.7%)	19 (16.4%)	0.93
Chronic renal failure	5960 (1.8%)	1 (0.9%)	0.43
Diabetes	48,929 (15.1%)	14 (12.1%)	0.36
Hypertension	129,889 (40.1%)	16 (13.8%)	<0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	31,501 (9.7%)	8 (6.9%)	0.31
Cerebrovascular accident	10,310 (3.2%)	5 (4.3%)	0.49
Cancer, disseminated	2956 (0.9%)	0	0.30
Dementia	19,149 (5.9%)	1 (0.9%)	0.02
History of myocardial infarction	5075 (1.6%)	1 (0.9%)	0.54
Peripheral vascular disease	2478 (0.8%)	0	0.34
Psychiatric illness	24,189 (7.5%)	6 (5.2%)	0.35
Obesity	17,763 (5.5%)	8 (6.9%)	0.50
Steroid use	3174 (1.0%)	2 (1.7%)	0.42
Cirrhosis	2395 (0.7%)	2 (1.7%)	0.22
Alcohol use, n (%)	35,515 (12.1%)	10 (9.9%)	0.49
Drug use, n (%)	38,794 (13.8%)	23 (24.5%)	0.003
Race, n (%)
African-American	32,939 (11.5%)	12 (12.8%)	0.71
Caucasian	252,773 (78%)	82 (71%)	0.06
Asian	4886 (1.9%)	2 (2.4%)	0.75
Hispanic	23,653 (8.6%)	12 (12.2%)	0.20
Teaching university, n (%)	170,174 (52.5%)	70 (60.3%)	0.09
Glasgow coma scale, mean	14.08	13.79	0.99
IQR = interquartile range, ISS = injury severity score