Table 2.
Description of characteristics among types of circadian rhythm status
| Variable | Relative evening type n = 57 11.7% |
Intermediate n = 159 58.7% |
Relative morning type n = 88 29.6% |
P value* | P-ANCOVA** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 34.07 ± 9.121 | 35.87 ± 8.6 | 38.75 ± 7.93 | 0.02 | 0.17 | |
| Body weight (kg) | 83.3 ± 15.88 | 80.38 ± 11.65 | 77.88 ± 10.61 | 0.11 | 0.04 | |
| Height (cm) | 162.62 ± 6 | 16.85 ± 5.95 | 160.44 ± 5.77 | 0.26 | 0.83 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.37 ± 4.89 | 31.12 ± 4.24 | 30.28 ± 3.79 | 0.33 | 0.05 | |
| Sleep night | 8.22 ± 1.87 | 7.75 ± 1.62 | 7.54 ± 1.59 | 0.22 | 0.24 | |
| Sleep day | 12.2 ± 26.72 | 0.69 ± 2.79 | 7.77 ± 19.06 | 0.11 | 0.29 | |
| Stress status | 10.92 ± 5.01 | 7.8 ± 4.52 | 6.75 ± 5.34 | 0.001 | 0.002 | |
| Physical activity (MET-minutes/week) | 936.06 ± 1161.94 | 1087.48 ± 1665.42 | 1080.05 ± 1183.76 | 0.9 | 0.77 | |
| Blood parameters | ||||||
| Glucose (mmol/dl) | 87.47 ± 8.55 | 87.49 ± 10.21 | 86.79 ± 10.75 | 0.89 | 0.66 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 187.69 ± 47.79 | 177.8 ± 31.78 | 186.65 ± 32.61 | 0.16 | 0.16 | |
| TG (mg/dl) | 109.30 ± 49.41 | 122.2 ± 70.46 | 121.79 ± 54.23 | 0.64 | 0.73 | |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 45.52 ± 12.16 | 46.65 ± 8.72 | 48.15 ± 10.87 | 0.48 | 0.75 | |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 97.47 ± 28.28 | 95.42 ± 23 | 102.36 ± 21.3 | 0.18 | 0.26 | |
| TGF-β (mg/L) | 73.21 ± 26.51 | 81.81 ± 43.3 | 72.89 ± 31.98 | 0.43 | 0.62 | |
| IL-1β (mg/L) | 2.38 ± 0.88 | 2.72 ± 0.96 | 2.51 ± 0.95 | 0.59 | 0.41 | |
| Galectin-3 (ng/ml) | 7.63 ± 10.56 | 5.54 ± 9 | 2.82 ± 4.85 | 0.32 | 0.27 | |
| Body composition | ||||||
| BFM (kg) | 35.27 ± 11.12 | 34.1 ± 8.33 | 32.19 ± 7.56 | 0.18 | 0.03 | |
| BFP (%) | 41.51 ± 5.52 | 41.94 ± 5.37 | 40.87 ± 5.05 | 0.39 | 0.11 | |
| FFM (kg) | 48.08 ± 5.78 | 46.35 ± 5.52 | 45.91 ± 5.93 | 0.23 | 0.39 | |
| FFMI | 18.11 ± 1.41 | 17.9 ± 1.54 | 17.75 ± 1.29 | 0.54 | 0.3 | |
| FMI | 13.25 ± 3.77 | 13.28 ± 3.72 | 12.52 ± 3.02 | 0.29 | 0.05 | |
| WC (cm) | 100.67 ± 12.08 | 98.75 ± 9.72 | 96.62 ± 9.27 | 0.12 | 0.03 | |
| VFA (cm) | 166.64 ± 45.66 | 164.45 ± 37.36 | 153.88 ± 36 | 0.13 | 0.01 | |
| ODP (%) | 145.96 ± 22.77 | 144.88 ± 19.8 | 140.82 ± 17.66 | 0.31 | 0.05 | |
N: 304; 1: Mean ± SD; BMI, Body mass index; TG, Triglyceride; HDL, High density lipoprotein; LDL, Low density lipoprotein; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor β; Il-1β, Interleukin-1β; BFM, Body fat mass; BFP, Body fat percentage; FFM, Fat free mass; FFMI, Fat free mass index; FMI, Fat mass index; WC, Waist circumference; VFA, Visceral fat area; ODP, Obesity degree percentage
*P-values are resulted from ANOVA test
**P-value reported after adjusting total energy intake, physical activity and education with ANCOVA