Table 1.

Changes over time between treatment groups

Change goal Fixed effects	Increase (n = 948)	Decrease (n = 575)	Increase in extraversion (n = 375)	Decrease in neuroticism (n = 406)	Increase in conscientiousness (n = 379)	Decrease in conscientiousness (n = 40)	Increase in agreeableness (n = 63)	Decrease in agreeableness (n = 98)	Increase in openness (n = 113)	Decrease in openness (n = 28)
Intercept
Estimate (SE)	2.88*** (0.87)	3.09*** (0.13)	2.80*** (0.13)	3.16*** (0.14)	2.87*** (0.16)	4.11*** (0.40)	3.55*** (0.24)	3.96*** (0.16)	2.90*** (0.27)	3.35*** (0.37)
95% CI	2.71; 3.05	2.89; 3.29	2.54; 3.06	2.89; 3.43	2.62; 3.13	3.30; 4.91	3.08; 4.02	3.65; 4.28	2.37; 3.44	2.60; 4.11
Time
Estimate (SE)	−0.06 (0.04)	0.01 (0.05)	−0.03 (0.06)	0.03 (0.06)	−0.04 (0.07)	0.04 (0.14)	0.04 (0.15)	−0.11 (0.09)	−0.25 (0.13)	0.41 (0.26)
95% CI	−0.14; 0.03	−0.08; 0.10	−0.16; 0.09	−0.08; 0.14	−0.17; 0.09	−0.25; 0.32	−0.26; 0.37	−0.29; 0.06	−0.50; 0.01	−0.13; 1.07
Group
Estimate (SE)	0.01 (0.04)	0.04 (0.05)	0.02 (0.07)	0.08 (0.08)	−0.04 (0.06)	−0.12 (0.20)	0.39 (0.14)	−0.02 (0.09)	−0.10 (0.14)	0.07 (0.27)
95% CI	−0.07; 0.09	−0.07; 0.16	−0.11; 0.15	−0.07; 0.24	−0.17; 0.09	−0.52; 0.28	0.11; 0.67	−0.20; 0.15	−0.37; 0.18	−0.48; 0.63
Time by group
Estimate (SE)	0.26*** (0.05)	−0.24*** (0.06)	0.29*** (0.08)	−0.30*** (0.07)	0.28*** (0.08)	−0.19 (0.16)	0.08 (0.18)	−0.16 (0.12)	0.21 (0.15)	−0.23 (0.30)
95% CI	0.15; 0.35	−0.35; −0.13	0.12; 0.45	−0.44; −0.16	0.12; 0.44	−0.52; 0.16	−0.30; 0.44	−0.40; 0.07	−0.09; 0.52	−0.98; 0.37

Consenters sample; Group: 1 = intervention group; 0 = waitlist control group. Increase: participants with the goals to increase in extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness; Decrease: participants with goals to decrease in neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, and openness. All models are controlled for age, gender, and conversation style. Collapsed data are also controlled for participants’ change goals. ***P < 0.001.