Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies

Study level characteristics	Owusu et al. [31]	Lakshmi et al. [32]
Location	Accra, Ghana	Trivandrum, India
Length of study	June 2011–July 2011	March 2014–September 2015
Study design	Retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study	Hospital-based case–control study
Population	Postpartum women; 0–48 h postpartum	Postpartum women
Main outcome measure	To investigate the prevalence of sleep disruption and sleep practices among Ghanaian women and to investigate its association with maternal and neonatal outcomes	To identify any possible modifiable risk factors and reduce stillbirth rate on a long-term perspective
Description of sleep position	Most common sleep position during pregnancy	Not defined
Data collection—sleep position	Self-reported	Self-reported
Data collection—stillbirth information	Clinical notes	Hospital data