Table 1.
ASD-Related Traits Associated with Sleep Duration. Severity Scores for Each ASD-Related Trait were Independently Analyzed for Association with Sleep Duration. Threshold for Significance for Independent Tests was Set at a Bonferroni-Corrected P-Value < 5.0 × 10−3. Score Ranges are Included in Parentheses Next to the Variable Description. Significantly Associated Traits were Further Analyzed in a Full Model. Increased Social Impairment and RRB Scores from the ADI-R Remained Associated with Shorter Sleep Duration in the Full Model
| ASD-Related Trait (df = 2,713) | βa (95% CI) | P-value | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Social Impairmentadi-R (8–30) | −2.54 (−3.04, −2.05) | <1.0 × 10−4 | 0.0363 |
| NV Communicationadi-R (0–14) | −2.28 (−3.11, −1.45) | <1.0 × 10−4 | 0.0106 |
| Verbal Communicationadi-R (6–26)* | −1.86 (−2.55, −1.16) | <1.0 × 10−4 | 0.0114 |
| RRBADI-R (0–12) | −2.13 (−3.27, −0.98) | <1.0 × 10−4 | 0.0048 |
| CSSADOS (4–10)** | −0.83 (−2.57, 0.90) | 3.5 × 10−1 | 0.0003 |
| Social Affect CSSADOS (2–20)** | −1.13 (−1.86, −0.41) | 2.0 × 10−3 | 0.0035 |
| RRB CSSADOS (0–8)** | −0.21 (−1.63, 1.21) | 7.7 × 10−1 | 0.000 |
| Verbal IQ score (5–167) | 0.24 (0.15, 0.33) | <1.0 × 10−4 | 0.0096 |
| Nonverbal IQ score (9–161) | 0.25 (0.14, 0.36) | <1.0 × 10−4 | 0.0071 |
| Age at ADOS (4–18 years) | −8.03 (−8.77, −7.89) | <1.0 × 10−4 | 0.1423 |
| Full regression model (df = 2,316) | |||
| Social ImpairmentADI-R | −1.20 (−1.89, −0.51) | 1.0 × 10−3 | 0.1803 |
| NV CommunicationADI-R | 1.95 (0.13, 3.78) | 3.6 × 10−2 | |
| Verbal CommunicationADI-R | −1.09 (−2.58, 0.39) | 1.5 × 10−1 | |
| RRBADI-R | −1.40 (−2.55, −0.25) | 1.7 × 10−2 | |
| Social Affect CSSADOS | −0.27 (−1.07, 0.54) | 5.3 × 10−1 | |
| Verbal IQ Score | 0.11 (−0.06, 0.29) | 2.0 × 10−1 | |
| Nonverbal IQ Score | −0.09 (−0.28, 0.10) | 3.7 × 10−1 | |
| Age at ADOS | −8.35 (−9.19, −7.51) | <1.0 × 10−4 |
For every one unit score increase in the ASD-related trait, or 1 year increase in age, the β-coefficient represents the number of minutes sleep duration either decreases or increases.
Indicates sample size reduction as a result of unavailable ADI-R Verbal Communication Impairment Scores, df = 2,387;
Indicates sample size reduction as a result of children having been evaluated on ADOS Module 4, df = 2,643.
ADI-R, Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised; ADOS, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; CSS, calibrated severity scores; RRB, restricted and repetitive behaviors; NV, nonverbal; df, degrees of freedom.