Table 2.
Association of Sleep Duration with Specific Behaviors Reflecting Impairments in Core ASD-Related Traits. Subscale Scores, from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, Representing Specific Behaviors That are Included in the Total Severity Scores That were Associated with Sleep Duration were Further Analyzed to Determine Which Specific Symptoms were Most Associated with Sleep. Increased Severity in Failure to Develop Peer Relationships and Compulsive Rituals were Associated with Shorter Sleep Duration. Score Ranges are Included in Parentheses Next to the Variable Description
| Autism-Related Trait | βa (95% CI) | P-value (df = 2,384) | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Failure to use nonverbal behaviors (0–6) | −0.63 (−2.79, 1.52) | 5.6 × 10−1 | 0.1910 |
| Failure to develop peer relationships (0–8) | −4.17 (−6.13, −2.21) | <1.0 × 10−4 | |
| Lack of shared enjoyment (0–6) | −0.26 (−2.37, 1.84) | 8.1 × 10−1 | |
| Lack of socioemotional reciprocity (0–10) | −0.32 (−2.00, 1.37) | 7.1 × 10−1 | |
| Delay in language or use of gestures (0–8) | 0.38 (−0.92, 1.38) | 5.7 × 10−1 | |
| Failure to initiate conversation (0–4) | −0.54 (−4.65, 3.56) | 8.0 × 10−1 | |
| Stereotyped, repetitive or idiosyncratic speech (0–8) | −1.34 (−2.98, 0.30) | 1.1 × 10−1 | |
| Lack of make believe play (0–6) | 1.87 (−0.55, 4.30) | 1.3 × 10−1 | |
| Encompassing preoccupation (0–4) | −0.24 (−2.70, 2.23) | 8.5 × 10−1 | |
| Compulsive nonfunctional rituals (0–4) | −2.29 (−4.29, −0.29) | 2.5 × 10−2 | |
| Repetitive motor mannerisms (0–2) | −1.62 (−5.08, 1.84) | 3.6 × 10−1 | |
| Preoccupations with objects (0–2) | −0.38 (−5.19, 4.43) | 8.8 × 10−1 | |
| Verbal IQ Score (5–167) | 0.11 (−0.06, 0.28) | 1.9 × 10−1 | |
| Nonverbal IQ score (9–161) | −0.10 (−0.29, 0.08) | 2.8 × 10−1 | |
| Age at ADOS (4–18 years) | −8.42 (−9.22, −7.61) | <1.0 × 10−4 |
For every one unit score increase in the ASD-related trait, or 1 year increase in age, the β-coefficient represents the number of minutes sleep duration either decreases or increases.
ADOS, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; df, degrees of freedom.