Table 4.
Association of Sleep Duration with Numerous Maladaptive Behaviors. Shorter Sleep Duration was Associated with Increased Severity for Numerous Maladaptive Behaviors Measured with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The Threshold for Significance for Independent Tests was Set at a Bonferroni-Corrected P-Value < 2.9 × 10−3. Score Ranges are Included in Parentheses Next to the Variable Description
| Child Behavior Checklist T scores | βa (95% CI) | P-value (df) | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Activities (0–65)* | 0.19 (−0.13, 0.52) | 2.4 × 10−1 (2,042) | 0.0007 |
| ADD/ADHD (50–80) | −0.65 (−0.99, −0.31) | <1.0 × 10−4 (2,708) | 0.0052 |
| Affective Problems (50–95) | −1.70 (−2.03, −1.38) | <1.0 × 10−4 (2,703) | 0.0373 |
| Aggressive Behavior (50–100) | −0.33 (−0.64, −0.02) | 3.5 × 10−2 (2,706) | 0.0016 |
| Anxiety Problems (50–95) | −0.94 (−1.25, −0.63) | <1.0 × 10−4 (2,704) | 0.0127 |
| Anxious/Depressed (50–98) | −0.93 (−1.25, −0.61) | <1.0 × 10−4 (2,705) | 0.0119 |
| Attention Problems (50–100) | −0.57 (−0.85, −0.28) | <1.0 × 10−4 (2,706) | 0.0054 |
| Conduct Problems (50–93)* | −0.07 (−0.50, 0.36) | 7.5 × 10−1 (2,056) | 0.0001 |
| Emotionally Reactive (50–93)** | −1.05 (−1.66, −0.44) | 1.0 × 10−3 (647) | 0.0173 |
| Externalizing Problems (32–97) | −0.08 (−0.35, 0.19) | 5.5 × 10−1 (2,706) | 0.0001 |
| Internalizing Problems (33–90) | −0.67 (−0.97, −0.37) | <1.0 × 10−4 (2,706) | 0.0070 |
| Oppositional Defiant (50–80) | −0.31 (−0.66, 0.03) | 7.4 × 10−2 (2,704) | 0.0012 |
| Pervasive Developmental (50–95)** | −1.36 (−2.01, −0.71) | <1.0 × 10−4 (647) | 0.0257 |
| Rule Breaking (50–84)* | 0.08 (−0.44, 0.60) | 7.6 × 10−1 (2,058) | 0.0000 |
| School Problems (0–99)* | −0.19 (−0.60, 0.22) | 3.5 × 10−1 (1,894) | 0.0005 |
| Sleep Problems (50–100)** | −2.14 (−2.72, −1.57) | <1.0 × 10−4 (644) | 0.0764 |
| Social Problems (50–91)* | −0.64 (−1.03, −0.24) | 2.0 × 10−3 (2,057) | 0.0048 |
| Somatic Complaints (50–94) | −0.41 (−0.79, −0.04) | 3.2 × 10−2 (2,706) | 0.0017 |
| Somatic Problems (50–93)* | −0.33 (−0.75, 0.09) | 1.2 × 10−1 (2,055) | 0.0012 |
| Thought Problems (50–91)* | −1.46 (−1.84, −1.09) | <1.0 × 10−4 (2,057) | 0.0277 |
| Withdrawn (50–100) | −0.29 (−0.60, −0.01) | 6.0 × 10−2 (2,706) | 0.0013 |
| Total Competence (0–66)* | 0.26 (−0.10, 0.63) | 1.6 × 10−1 (1,861) | 0.0011 |
| Total Problems (27–92) | −0.93 (−1.25, −0.62) | <1.0 × 10−4 (2,706) | 0.0123 |
For every one unit score increase in the CBCL T score, the β-coefficient represents the number of minutes sleep duration either decreases or increases.
Indicates the variable was only available for children evaluated using the CBCL for ages 6–18;
Indicates the variable was only available for children evaluated using the CBCL for ages 2–5.
df, degrees of freedom.