TABLE II.
Sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities in children and adults
| % among those with FPIES (95% CI) | % among those without FPIES (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Children | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 8.1 (4.2–15.1) | 3.2 (2.8–3.7) | 0.02 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 16.3 (10.5–24.3) | 13.2 (12.3–14.2) | |
| White, non-Hispanic | 44.1 (34.9–53.8) | 52.9 (51.3–54.4) | |
| Hispanic | 27.8 (19.4–38.2) | 24.1 (22.5–25.7) | |
| Multiple/other | 3.7 (1.7–8.1) | 6.7 (6.1–7.3) | |
| Country of Origin | |||
| Born in US | 95.8 (87.6–98.7) | 97.8 (97.4–98.1) | 0.26 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 47.7 (38.5–57.2) | 48.9 (47.8–50.0) | 0.81 |
| Age | |||
| <1 year | 1.1 (.5–2.7) | 5.4 (4.8–5.9) | 0.15 |
| 1 year | 5.6 (3.1–10.1) | 4.9 (4.4–5.3) | |
| 2 year | 8.6 (4.5–15.8) | 5.7 (5.2–6.3) | |
| 3–5 years | 16.7 (9.9–26.8) | 16.2 (15.5–17.0) | |
| 6–10 years | 30.9 (23.1–39.9) | 27.8 (26.9–28.8) | |
| 11–13 years | 20.1 (14.4–27.3) | 16.6 (15.9–17.4) | |
| 14–17 years | 17.0 (11.3–25.0) | 23.4 (22.4–24.4) | |
| Household income, $ | |||
| <25,000 | 16.8 (10.2–26.5) | 16.1 (14.9–17.3) | 0.85 |
| 25,000–49,000 | 20.0 (12.5–30.4) | 22.2 (20.9–23.5) | |
| 50,000–99,999 | 34.5 (26.6–43.3) | 31.1 (29.7–32.5) | |
| 100,000–149,000 | 20.3 (13.6–29.1) | 19.2 (18.0–20.5) | |
| ≥150,000 | 8.4 (4.4–15.6) | 11.4 (10.3–12.7) | |
| Physician-diagnosed comorbid atopic conditions | |||
| Current | |||
| IgE-mediated food allergy* | 65.3 (55.2–74.2) | 7.3 (6.9–7.8) | <0.001 |
| Lifetime | |||
| Asthma | 25.2 (18.5–33.4) | 12.1 (11.3–13.0) | <0.001 |
| Atopic dermatitis/ eczema | 9.6 (5.8–15.5) | 5.9 (5.3–6.5) | 0.06 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 32.6 (24.4–42.0) | 12.7 (11.9–13.5) | <0.001 |
| Insect sting allergy | 5.0 (2.8–9.1) | 2.2 (1.9–2.6) | 0.007 |
| Latex allergy | 8.9 (5.3–14.6) | 1.0 (.8–1.2) | <0.001 |
| Medication allergy | 6.9 (4.1–11.4) | 4.1 (3.7–4.6) | 0.06 |
| Urticaria | 3.4 (1.−7.3) | 0.5 (.4-.6) | <0.001 |
| Adults | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 5.0 (2.4–10.2) | 3.9 (3.6–4.1) | 0.18 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 13.8 (7.6–23.7) | 11.7 (11.3–12.1) | |
| White, non-Hispanic | 53.2 (41.2–65.0) | 64.9 (64.2–65.6) | |
| Hispanic | 24.4 (14.6–37.9) | 15.5 (14.9–16.1) | |
| Multiple/other | 3.6 (1.2–9.8) | 4.1 (3.8–4.4) | |
| Country of Origin | |||
| Born in US | 87.1 (77.0–93.1) | 91.6 (91.2–92.0) | 0.18 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 53.5 (41.5–65.1) | 51.7 (51.0–52.4) | 0.77 |
| Age (years) | |||
| 18–29 | 32.3 (22.4–44.2) | 21.4 (20.8–22.1) | 0.1 |
| 30–39 | 20.5 (12.8–31.4) | 17.0 (16.5–17.4) | |
| 40–49 | 16.6 (8.6–29.4) | 16.8 (16.3–17.3) | |
| 50–59 | 8.9 (4.5–16.9) | 18.0 (17.6–18.5) | |
| 60+ | 21.7 (13.1–33.6) | 26.8 (26.2–27.4) | |
| Household income, $ | |||
| <25,000 | 19.7 (12.2–30.2) | 16.6 (16.2–17.1) | 0.75 |
| 25,000–49,000 | 24.5 (16.0–35.5) | 21.9 (21.4–22.5) | |
| 50,000–99,999 | 29.6 (19.7–41.9) | 30.9 (30.3–31.5) | |
| 100,000–149,000 | 19.9 (11.3–32.7) | 19.6 (19.0–20.2) | |
| ≥150,000 | 6.3 (2.4–15.3) | 10.9 (10.4–11.5) | |
| Physician-diagnosed comorbid atopic conditions | |||
| Current | |||
| IgE-mediated food allergy | 42.5 (31.6–54.3) | 10.7 (10.3–11.1) | <0.001 |
| Lifetime | |||
| Asthma | 37.4 (26.7–49.5) | 12.2 (11.8–12.7) | <0.001 |
| Atopic dermatitis/eczema | 22.3 (13.8–34.0) | 6.7 (6.4–7.0) | <0.001 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 31.1 (21.5–42.7) | 21.4 (20.9–22.0) | 0.047 |
| Insect sting allergy | 10.1 (4.5–21.0) | 3.8 (3.6–4.1) | 0.01 |
| Latex allergy | 13.1 (7.0–23.2) | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) | <0.001 |
| Medication allergy | 17.6 (9.4–30.5) | 13.4 (13.0–13.9) | 0.38 |
| Urticaria | 16.0 (8.5–28.1) | 0.8 (.7–1.0) | <0.001 |
There were no significant geographic differences in pooled pediatric and adult FPIES prevalence estimates based on US census region (p=.41) or division (p=.09), data not shown. A two-sided p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
*
Indicates reported current FA with a history of reaction symptoms indicative of an IgE-mediated response.
**
Indicates self-reported disease