Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Feb 20;13(4):884. doi: 10.3390/cancers13040884

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

The figure shows interactions between Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells and the tumor microenvironment (direct cellular interactions and via soluble mediators). Many different cell types are attracted into the microenvironment by chemo- and cytokines. HRS cells attract CD4+ type 2 T helper (Th2) cells through secretion of the chemokines TARC, CC chemokine 5 (CCL5) and CCL22. These, as well as CCL20, also attract CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. HRS cells are stimulated by neutrophils through APRIL-BCMA interaction and secretion of nerve growth factor-1 (NGF-1). NGF-1 binds to the receptor tyrosine kinase (TRKA) on HRS cells. HRS cells are also stimulated by mast cells and eosinophils by CD30-CD30 ligand interaction. CD8+ T cells, also known as cytotoxic T cells, are inhibited by IL-10, produced by Treg cells. HRS cells also inhibit CD8+ T cells and NK cells through IL-10 and other immunosuppressive mediators and expression of the programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD1L).