Table 2.

Suggested immunological standard diagnostics.

		Suggested Procedure
Autoimmune Risk Factors	APLS	ACA, LAC, Anti-β2-glykoprotein I antibodies Analysis should be performed at two separate occasions at an interval of 12 weeks Consider a non-criteria APLS, if clinical manifestations are present (renal microangiopathy, neurological disorders, cardiac manifestations, or ulcerations of the skin)
	IgA Antibodies Transglutaminase	IgA antibodies against Transglutaminase should only be analyzed in women with a history of food sensitivity followed by colon biopsy if antibodies positive
	ANA	Only ANA titres >1:160 are considered as positive If the ANA titres are elevated, antibodies should be further differentiated (SS-A/RO and SS-B/ lupus anticoagulant (LAC)antibodies) to rule out Sjögren’s syndrome or lupus erythematosus
	Thyroid Antibodies	TSH level should be analysed. If TSH levels are >2.5 mU/L, T3, T4 and thyroid autoantibody concentrations should be determined
Alloimmune Risk Factors	Immune Cells	Controversial scientific evidence for dendritic cells or regulatory T-cells Most data available for uNKs, is controversial and testing can only be recommended within studies
	Chronic Endometritis	Evaluation of chronic endometritis by endometrial biopsy with analysis of CD 138-positive plasma-cells

ACA = anti-cardiolipin antibodies; ANA = antinuclear antibodies; APLS = antiphospholipid syndrome; SS-A/RO = Sjögren’s-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies; SS-B/lupus anticoagulant = Sjögren’s-syndrome-related antigen B autoantibodies; T3 = triiodothyronine; T4 = thyroxine; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; uNK = uterine natural killer cells.