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. 2021 Feb 20;13(2):324. doi: 10.3390/v13020324

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Multifaceted roles of ESCRT in the enveloped virus life cycles. The extracellular virus budding at the plasma membrane (PM) is exemplified with a late assembly and budding event of HIV. HIV, and other enveloped viruses, e.g., filovirus, rhabdovirus, and arenavirus (not shown), also utilises ubiquitination in gaining access to the ESCRT system for virus export. HSV-1 is unique as two steps of envelopments occur with the requirement of ALIX (ALG2-interacting protein X) and ESCRT-III for the nuclear or primary envelopment while a unique viral encoded ESCRT-III-like protein pUL51 is thought to be involved in membrane constriction for the secondary envelopment. ESCRT-II is involved in ribonucleoprotein trafficking for both HIV and HBV. The color scheme is the same as those in Figure 1 unless stated otherwise. Question marks denote the possibility of the involvement of ESCRT or other factors at various stages of virus life cycles. AMOT: angiomotin. ER: endoplasmic reticulum. EE: early endosome. MVB: multivesicular body.