Table 2.
Association and Study Quality Based on the REMARK Checklist and Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Selected ATN-(X) Biomarkers
| Study Quality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REMARK | NOS | |||||
| Biomarker | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High |
| Amyloid (A) biomarkers | ||||||
| Fluid-based amyloid | 0/0 | 2/3 | 1/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 3/4 |
| Amyloid Plaques | 0/1 | 0/2 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/3 | 0/0 |
| Tau (T) biomarkers | ||||||
| Phosphorylated tau | 0/0 | 0/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/1 |
| Neurofibrillary tangles | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/2 | 0/0 |
| Neurodegenerative (N) biomarkers | ||||||
| Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) | 2/3 | 2/5 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 4/5 | 0/2 |
| Neurofilament Light (NFL) | 0/0 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0/0 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Total Tau | 0/0 | 2/2 | 0/1 | 0/0 | 0/1 | 2/2 |
| Atrophy or hypometabolism | 0/0 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 0/0 | 4/4 | 0/0 |
| Inflammatory | ||||||
| IL-1β | 1/5 | 1/11 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/13 | 1/5 |
| IL-6 | 5/8 | 11/19 | 2/4 | 4/4 | 7/17 | 7/10 |
| IL-8 | 1/9 | 11/25 | 3/3 | 0/2 | 9/23 | 6/12 |
| IL-10 | 0/4 | 2/9 | 1/2 | 0/1 | 2/9 | 1/5 |
| CRP | 4/10 | 12/20 | 6/7 | 0/4 | 10/19 | 11/14 |
| S100B | 1/5 | 5/9 | 3/5 | 1/5 | 3/6 | 5/8 |
| TNFα | 0/5 | 2/13 | 1/1 | 3/19 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
| Vascular | ||||||
| Post-mortem lesions | 0/0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/0 | 0/2 | 0/0 |
| MRI | 0/0 | 1/1 | 2/3 | 0/0 | 3/4 | 0/0 |
| Synucleinopathy | 0/0 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/0 | 0/2 | 0/0 |
| EC-CAM | 0/0 | 0/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/1 | 0/0 |
| Synaptic Function | ||||||
| EEG | 4/4 | 6/7 | 3/3 | 2/2 | 4/5 | 7/7 |
| Bispectral EEG | 2/2 | 2/3 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 4/5 | 0/0 |
| fMRI | 0/0 | 2/3 | 0/0 | 2/2 | 0/1 | 0/0 |
EEG = electroencephalogram; fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging
The numerator represents number of studies that found an association between biomarker and delirium. The denominator represents the number of studies in that category of study quality.
The REMARK (Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies) checklist is scored on a range of 0–25 checklist score, and categorized as L = low, < 12.5 points; M = moderate, 12.5–18.75 points; H = high > 18.75 points. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) score has a range of 1–9 and was categorized as L = low, < 5 points; M = moderate, 5–7 points; H = high, > 7 points.