Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants, according to the severity of anemia (n = 59).
| No anemia | Mild anemia | Moderate–severe anemia | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 38 (64) | 9 (16) | 12 (20) | |
| Age (years) | 21.0 ± 2.0 | 21.0 ± 1.0 | 24.0 ± 8.0 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 4.1 | 22.0 ± 2.8 | 24.2 ± 4.1 | NS |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 4.6 ± 0.4 | NS |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.15 ± 0.36 | 5.39 ± 0.38 | 5.40 ± 0.35 | 0.052 |
| Absolute HbA1c (mmol/L) | 0.430 ± 0.038*† | 0.384 ± 0.025* | 0.335 ± 0.025 | <0.001 |
| Hb (mmol/L) | 8.19 ± 0.43*† | 7.14 ± 0.19* | 6.21 ± 0.50 | <0.001 |
| Ferritin (pmol/L) | 8.43 ± 6.16*† | 3.51 ± 3.15* | 0.97 ± 0.40 | <0.001 |
| RBC count (106/μL) | 4.7 ± 0.4 | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | NS |
| MCV (fL) | 83.8 ± 16.3*† | 79.1 ± 5.3* | 69.9 ± 5.3 | 0.012 |
| MCH (fmol/cell) | 1.76 ± 0.12* | 1.54 ± 0.14* | 1.33 ± 0.11 | <0.001 |
| MCHC (mmol/L) | 20.2 ± 0.6* | 19.4 ± 0.5* | 19.1 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
Results are shown as means ± standard deviations for continuous variables. *Denotes significance versus moderate–severe anemia by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test, p < 0.05; †Denotes significance versus mild anemia using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test, p < 0.05.
BMI, body mass index; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; RBC, red blood cell; FBG, fasting blood glucose.