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During natural aging, TGF-β signaling pathways were downregulated in skeletal muscle. Quantitative data of RT-qPCR mRNA expression of (A) TGF-β genes, (B) Timp genes, (C) Mmp genes, and (D) cathepsin genes in young and aged skeletal muscle. There were 8 mice in each group, and all of the mice were not subjected to any form of muscle injury. The results are presented as the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.005; *** p < 0.001.
