Table 2.
Differences in outcome and predictor variables, based on children’s age and sex.
| Age | 5–8 Years | 9–13 Years | ||||
| M | SD | M | SD | F | η2 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 100.5 | 12.0 | 104.1 | 11.4 | 16.9 *** | 0.020 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) a | 62.8 | 9.6 | 64.8 | 9.4 | 8.8 ** | 0.011 |
| Body fat (%) | 22.8 | 5.0 | 22.3 | 5.9 | 1.7 | 0.002 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.6 | 0.6 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 0.003 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.2 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 5.8 * | 0.007 |
| Total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol ratio | 3.1 | 0.7 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 5.6 * | 0.007 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) a | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 2.6 | 0.003 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 | 0.2 | 5.4 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 0.002 |
| Clustered risk score | −0.1 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 0.001 |
| Sedentary activity (min/day) | 604.8 | 67.8 | 623.3 | 68.0 | 13.6 *** | 0.016 |
| Light physical activity (min/day) | 328.6 | 42.7 | 315.0 | 43.1 | 16.0 *** | 0.019 |
| Moderate physical activity (min/day) | 56.5 | 16.6 | 56.3 | 17.7 | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Vigorous physical activity (min/day) | 25.2 | 13.0 | 24.5 | 12.7 | 0.4 | 0.001 |
| Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (min/day) | 81.7 | 28.2 | 80.8 | 28.3 | 0.2 | 0.000 |
| Completed laps in 20 m shuttle run test | 20.1 | 11.1 | 25.7 | 16.2 | 34.4 *** | 0.040 |
| Estimated VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 48.6 | 3.1 | 45.6 | 4.4 | 128.8 *** | 0.134 |
| Sex b | Girls | Boys | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 101.4 | 12.1 | 102.2 | 11.7 | 1.1 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) a | 64.3 | 9.7 | 62.7 | 9.5 | 6.1 * | 0.007 |
| Body fat (%) | 24.5 | 5.1 | 20.7 | 4.8 | 118.6 *** | 0.126 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.7 | 0.6 | 3.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.2 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 0.004 |
| Total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol ratio | 3.1 | 0.7 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 5.8 * | 0.007 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) a | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 0.003 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 | 0.2 | 5.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.000 |
| Clustered risk score | 0.5 | 2.5 | −0.5 | 2.4 | 33.8 *** | 0.040 |
| Sedentary activity | 629.0 | 63.0 | 592.1 | 67.9 | 65.2 *** | 0.074 |
| Light physical activity (min/day) | 318.3 | 43.7 | 331.0 | 41.9 | 18.1 *** | 0.022 |
| Moderate physical activity (min/day) | 48.8 | 13.9 | 64.5 | 16.1 | 224.0 *** | 0.214 |
| Vigorous physical activity (min/day) | 19.7 | 9.1 | 30.4 | 13.9 | 171.2 *** | 0.173 |
| Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (min/day) | 68.5 | 21.6 | 94.9 | 28.0 | 230.7 *** | 0.219 |
| Completed laps in 20 m shuttle run test | 20.3 | 10.7 | 23.7 | 15.4 | 13.1 *** | 0.016 |
| Estimated VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 47.5 | 3.5 | 47.8 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 0.002 |
Notes: HDL = High density lipoprotein; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin. Age: 5–8 years (n = 561, 67.4%), 9–13 years (n = 271, 32.6%); Sex: boys (n = 403, 49.0%), girls (n = 420, 51.0%). a F and η2 values calculated with log-transformed values. b 9 children with missing values for sex. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001.