Table 3. Differentiating gamified motivational affordances and feedback elements (Kappen, Mirza-Babaei & Nacke, 2017).

	Motivational elements
Gamified motivational affordances	Intrinsic	Goals Challenges Progression Achievements	Choices/options Quests Social sharing
	Extrinsic	Badges Rewards Points Incentives Leader boards
Feedback elements	Calorie tracker Step-counters Distance travelled Daily notifications Time spent Heart rate	Breathing rate Sleep cycle Sound inputs Weight loss indicator Physical form-checker Gait/posture checker