Table 1. Characteristics of included studies analyzing the effect of statins on PWV.
| Study (year) | Country | Study design | Sample size (n) | Population characteristics | Intervention characteristics | Outcome | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years (mean ± SD) | Type of population | Length (weeks) | Type and dose of statin | Level | Measuring device | Basal PWV [m/s (mean ± SD)] | Arterial stiffness status | ||||
| Davenport et al. (2015) | Ireland | Non-RCT | IG1:25 IG2:26 |
IG1:66.0 ± 9.5 IG2: 65.5 ± 10.5 | T2DM | 12 and 48 | IG1: Atorvastatin 10 mg IG2: Atorvastatin 80 mg |
IG1: Moderate IG2: High |
Vicorder | IG1:10.5 ± 1.1 IG2:10.3 ± 1.5 |
Normal |
| Fasset et al. (2009) | Australia | RCT | IG:16 CG:18 |
IG:62.3 ± 16.3 CG:64.8 ± 15.0 |
CKD | 48 | Atorvastatin 10 mg | Moderate | SphygmoCor | IG:8.5 ± 2.2 CG:8.0 ± 1.3 |
Normal |
| Grigoropoulou et al. (2019) | Greece | Non-RCT | IG:46 CG:33 |
IG:60.0 ± 8.0 CG:59.9 ± 9.0 |
T2DM Dyslipidemia |
48 | Atorvastatin 10 mg | Moderate | SphygmoCor | IG:11.3 ± 2.7 CG:10.7 ± 2.4 |
Normal |
| Kanaki et al. (2013) | Greece | RCT | IG:25 CG:25 |
IG:59.7 ± 8.9 CG:58.8 ± 10.8 |
HTA Hypercholesterolemia |
26 | Atorvastatin 10 mg | Moderate | SphygmoCor | IG:11.0 ± 1.8 CG:10.5 ± 2.1 |
Elevated |
| Mitsiou et al. (2018) | Greece | RCT | IG:20 IG2:20 |
IG1:52.8 ± 8.2 IG2:53.6 ± 8.8 |
HTA | 24 | IG1: Rosuvastatin 5 mg IG2: Rosuvastatin 20–40 mg |
IG1: Moderate IG2: High |
Mobil-O-Graph | IG1:8.4 ± 1.2 IG2:8.2 ± 1.4 |
Normal |
| Orr et al. (2009) | USA | RCT | IG:16 CG:10 |
IG:53.0 ± 3.0 CG:53.0 ± 2.0 |
Overweight/obese | 12 | Atorvastatin 80 mg | High | SPT-301 | IG:11.0 ± 0.4 CG:12.4 ± 0.9 |
Elevated |
| Pirro et al. (2006) | Italy | RCT | IG:35 CG:36 |
IG:56.0 ± 17.0 CG:58.0 ± 14.0 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 4 | Rosuvastatin 10 mg | Moderate | SphygmoCor | IG:9.5 ± 1.9 CG:9.2 ± 2.1 |
Normal |
| Raison et al. (2002) | France | RCT | IG:12 CG:11 |
IG:56.8 ± 10.9 CG:56.1 ± 9.5 |
HTA Hypercholesterolemia |
12 | Atorvastatin 10 mg | Moderate | Complior | IG:12.5 ± 2.7 CG:11.6 ± 1.9 |
Elevated |
| Wang et al. (2011) | China | RCT | IG:46 CG:50 |
IG:64.2 ± 7.8 CG:65.7 ± 8.2 |
HTA | NR | Atorvastatin 20 mg | Moderate | NR | IG:14.4 ± 2.7 CG:14.3 ± 3.1 |
Elevated |
| Qi et al. (2008) | China | RCT | IG:45 CG:42 |
IG:58.4 ± 5.9 CG:56.4 ± 5.3 |
HTA | 12 | Atorvastatin 20 mg | Moderate | Complior | IG:13.1 ± 3.2 CG:12.8 ± 3.1 |
Elevated |
| Zhang et al. (2003) | China | RCT | IG:15 CG:15 |
IG:63.7 ± 8.8 CG:66.0 ± 9.6 |
HTA | 12 | Fluvastatin 40 mg | Low | Complior | IG:12.8 ± 2.5 CG:13.0 ± 3.2 |
Normal |
CG, control group; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HTA, hypertension; IG, intervention group; m/s, meters per second; NR, not reported; PWV, pulse wave velocity; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SD, standard deviation; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.