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. 2021 Mar 2;19(3):e3001031. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001031

Fig 4. Parallel evolution of enhanced performance associated with the trap-mechanism.

Fig 4

(A) Mandible closing duration, maximum linear acceleration, and power output measured with high-speed videography (boxes are middle 50% of data, whiskers are +/−2.7 s, points are outliers). The horizontal dashed line reflects the maximum power output known from biological muscle (730 W/kg) without an amplification mechanism. Each pair represents an independent evolution of power amplification and a related gripping lineage from the same clade. The measured species are, from left to right, S. depressiceps (n = 18), S. elongata (n = 17), S. simoni (n = 14), S. rogeri (n = 12), S. ohioensis (n = 15), S. emmae (n = 20). (B) Example photos from the performance measurement experiments (GRP: S. ohioensis, L-TRAP: S. elongata). (C) Power-amplified Strumigenys mandibles exhibit the fastest acceleration of any resettable biological movement measured thus far, here L-TRAP species are compared with other invertebrates (circles) and vertebrates (triangles) compiled by Ilton and colleagues [10] and several other studies. The values for mass reflect the moving part or for jumping organisms, the whole body. The data underlying this Figure may be found at [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.d7wm37q0t] [41].