Table 2.
Tuko Pamoja Intervention Outline
| Module | Evidence-based strategies |
|---|---|
| Introduction | Family engagement Psychoeducation (counseling purpose; systems understanding of family) Systems-focused problem assessment |
| A: Building stronger parent-child relationships | 10 Core Steps* (solution-based and systems-focused family therapies) |
| A1: General relationship concerns | Parenting skills training |
| A2: Behavioral problems | Includes child-only, parent-only, and joint sessions |
| B: Building a stronger marriage | 10 Core Steps* (solution-based and systems-focused family therapies) |
| C: Building an organized and | 10 Core Steps* (solution-based and systems-focused family |
| united family | therapies) |
| D: Coping with caregiver distress | Brief cognitive behavioral coping skills training Individual caregiver sessions |
| E: Coping with child/adolescent distress | Brief cognitive behavioral coping skills training Includes individual child sessions and a parent session |
| F: Sexual risk behavior (optional session) | Parent-child communication skills practice related to risk behavior; incorporates knowledge-based questions about HIV transmission and pregnancy risk and brief discussion of positive sexuality |
| Transition sessions (after completion of each module) | Solution-focused progress tracking Systems-based assessment of remaining needs Choice of next module or graduation |
| Graduation session | Solution-focused progress acknowledgement and planning (includes identifying ongoing sources of community/family support) |
| *10 Core Steps (drawn largely from solution-based and systems-focused family therapies) | |
| 1. Get the story (understand the family system) | |
| 2. Scaling question (assess severity of the problem) | |
| 3. Positive communication skills (didactic, modeling, and practice components) | |
| 4. Build empathy (share thoughts and feelings) | |
| 5. Identify previous solutions | |
| 6. Identify exceptions (times/circumstances when problems do not occur) | |
| 7. Miracle question (envision life if problems were solved; describe associated behavioral changes) | |
| 8. Set specific relationship goal | |
| 9. Develop action plan | |
| 10. Track progress and continue change | |