Table 2.
Tier 3b digital health technologies: descriptions and subtier allocation (N=16).
| Digital health technology and description | Treat | Active monitoring | Calculate | |||||
| Tier 3b app technologies | ||||||||
|
|
BPa telemanagement [52] | Mobile app: patient BP automatically uploaded. HCPb accesses all data. Alert to patient and HCP if critical. Automatic BP reminders to patient | N/Ac | ✓d | N/A | |||
|
|
WellDoc [53-58] | Mobile app: patient BG automatically uploaded, medication dose and diet self-inputted: automated personalized feedback on medication dose and behavior. HCP accesses all data | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
|
|
t+ Diabetes [59-61] | Mobile app: patient BG automatically uploaded and insulin dose self-inputted: displayed graphically, decision aids for self-titration. HCP accesses all data and messages through the app | N/A | ✓ | N/A | |||
|
|
Mobil Diab [62] | Mobile app: patient BG automatically uploaded, displayed graphically. HCP accesses all data and sends feedback through the app | N/A | ✓ | N/A | |||
|
|
Health Coach App [63,64] | Mobile app: patient self-inputs health data: displayed graphically. Goal setting function. HCP accesses all data, individualized feedback, and two-way communication through the app | N/A | ✓ | N/A | |||
|
|
Dialbetics app [65,66] | Mobile app: patient self-inputs BG data: behavioral feedback and alerts if abnormal. HCP accesses all data; abnormal readings flagged. Features: later version includes dietary feedback | ✓ | ✓ | N/A | |||
|
|
SANAD [67] | Mobile app: BGe automatically uploaded. Features: social networking module and CBTf module. HCP accesses all data; sends feedback through app | ✓ | ✓ | N/A | |||
|
|
SAED system [68] | Mobile app: BG automatically uploaded. Features: weekly educational message. HCP accesses all data; two-way communication through the app | N/A | ✓ | N/A | |||
|
|
Diabetes Pal [69] | Mobile app: patient self-inputs BG: app suggests insulin dose (within the preset range). Features: educational information. Research staff access all data; flag to HCP | ✓ | N/A | ✓ | |||
|
|
CollaboRhythm [70] | Mobile app: patient self-inputs medication and BG displayed graphically. HCP accesses all data and suggests insulin correction; two-way communication through the app | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
|
|
PSDCS [71] | Mobile app: BG automatically uploaded, diet and exercise self-inputted—feedback and suggested insulin changes based on algorithm. Features: automated daily recommendations for calorie intake and exercise | ✓ | ✓ | N/A | |||
|
|
Brew app [72] | Mobile app: patient self-inputs health data. Features: daily SMS reminders, educational information. HCP accesses summary of data and sends alerts for BG or missed appointments | N/A | ✓ | N/A | |||
|
|
Gather Health [73] | Mobile app: patient self-inputs BG: displayed graphically. Features: daily reminders and self-care advice. HPC accesses all data; two-way communication through the app | N/A | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Tier 3b SMS technologies | ||||||||
|
|
UCDC system [74] | SMS: patient BG automatically sent to server, automated summary SMS with behavioral suggestions. Patient sends BP and exercise via SMS. Informational SMS trice daily. HCP accesses all data | N/A | ✓ | N/A | |||
|
|
Unnamed SMS (Kim) [75] | SMS: patient BG automatically sent to server, automated SMS suggestions to adjust insulin based on an algorithm. If hypoglycemic, emergency SMS sent to patient and caregiver | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
|
|
CDSS u-health care [76] | SMS: Patients BG automatically uploaded to server, automated daily SMS summaries, suggestions to adjust insulin based on algorithm, weekly and monthly summaries | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
aBP: blood pressure.
bHCP: health care professional.
cN/A: not applicable.
dDigital health technology falls within the subtier.
eBG: blood glucose.
fCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.