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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2020 Nov 20;68:173–180. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.10.006

Figure 3. Nuclear Lamina: LEM proteins make a TF refuge, not a graveyard.

Figure 3.

LEM proteins create a transcription factor (TF, green) refuge at the nuclear lamina (yellow gradient) which release TFs through diverse mechanisms. Left: Proposed model of BAF (pink) competition with TFs (green) for LEM protein (orange) and DNA interaction. BAF phosphorylation (P) is regulated by phosphatases (PP2) directed by Group III LEM proteins (LIII) while SUMOylation (SUMO) requires lamina-bound SENP1/2 (SENP). Right: Mechanisms of TF release from the nuclear lamina include nuclear actin polymerization by Emerin, TF modification such as GLI1 acetylation (a), and lamina modification such as B-type lamin phosphorylation (P).