TABLE 2.

In silico models to be used to mimic “COVID-19 cardiomyocytes.”

Outcome	Stimuli	Treatment/Simulation	Specie	Cell type	References
Drug-treatment (β-adrenergic signaling)	healthy cells under sympathetic stimulation	CQ, AZM	dog	ventricular cardiomyocytes	Sutanto and Heijman, 2020
Drug-treatment, heart failure, gender	healthy cells and heart failure cells from male and female	CQ, AZM, LP, RT	human	endocardial ventricular myocytes	Varshneya et al., 2020
Drug-treatment	healthy cells	Several drugs	human	ventricular cardiomyocytes	Lancaster and Sobie, 2016
Drug-treatment	healthy cells	several drugs	human	ventricular cardiomyocytes	Passini et al., 2017
Drug-treatment	healthy cells/dynamic hERG submodels	several drugs	human	ventricular cardiomyocytes	Li et al., 2019
Genetic disease (Q1475P Nav 1.5 mutation)	healthy cells modified by Markov model for fast and late Na+ current	Nav1.5 mutation	human	endocardial ventricular myocytes	Gando et al., 2020
Comorbidity (diabetes type-I)	streptozotocin-induced, type-I diabetes in rats	baseline model vs. diabetes model	rat	right ventricle cardiomyocytes	Pandit et al., 2003
Ion current changes	75% block of IKr	baseline vs. IKr blocked cells	dog and human	ventricular cardiomyocytes	Sarkar and Sobie, 2011
Arrhythmogenic susceptibility	changes in the conductances of IKr and IKs	baseline vs. IKr and IKs modified cells	several	ventricular cardiomyocytes	Varshneya et al., 2018
β-adrenergic signaling/activity	healthy cells under sympathetic	human model parametrization for β-adrenergic system	human	epicardial ventricular cardiomyocytes	Gong et al., 2020
Inflammation/Hypertrophy	TNF-α overexpression in the heart	Parameterization using cardiomyocytes isolated from hearts overexpressing TNF-α	mouse	apical ventricular cardiomyocytes	Petkova-Kirova et al., 2012
Hyperthermia (fever)	Fever	baseline vs. adjusted model for fever based on malaria	human	atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes	Atkinson et al., 2016
Drug-treatments, model validation, ion current changes	healthy cells vs. modifications: physiological and cardiotoxic spectrum	Tetrodotoxin, nifedipine, 3R4S-Chromanol 293B, E4031	human	Atrial and ventricular hiPSC-CMs	Paci et al., 2013
Ion imbalances, heart failure, hiPSC-CM/adult cardiomyocytes predictions	healthy cells vs. a variety of conditions and species cross predictions and validations	ion channel blocks, ion buffer composition changes, pacing rates, heart failure	human, guinea pig, rabbit	iPSC-CMs (human) and adult cardiomyocytes (different species)	Gong and Sobie, 2018
hiPSC-CM/adult cardiac microtissues, Drug-treatments	healthy microtissues from hiPSC-CMs	Cisapride and verapamil treatments (different doses)	human	iPSC-CMs (human)/adult myocytes	Tveito et al., 2018
hiPSC-CM/adult cardiac microtissues, Drug-treatments	healthy microtissues from hiPSC-CMs	Cisapride, verapamil, lidocaine, nifedipine, flecainide (many dose)	human	iPSC-CMs (human)/adult myocytes	Jæger et al., 2020