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. 2021 Mar 2;11:4993. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83905-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Intraoperative image showing the close relationship between the tumor and ACAC. (B) The perforating branches of small blood vessels closely related to the optic nerve were fully preserved after total resection of the tumor (yellow solid-line arrow). (C) The small vessels supplying the optic nerve were closely related to the tumor (yellow dotted arrow). (D) Total resection of the tumor revealed that the right optic nerve suffered tumor invasion. The blood-supplying vessels of the optic nerve closely related to the tumor were well protected (yellow dotted-line arrow), and the perforating branches of other small vessels closely related to the optic nerve were fully preserved (yellow solid-line arrow).