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. 2021 Mar 2;11:4929. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84381-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fabrication and function of the sweat lactate sensor chip. (A) Parts composition of the lactate acid sensor chip. (B) Schematic diagram of the reagent layer and processes involved in the amperometric sensing of lactate acid on the working electrode. (C) The parts composition of device. (1) Bluetooth LE System-on-Chip: Taiyo Yuden EYSHCNZWZ, (2) Potentiostat unit: Texas Instruments DAC081C085 (DAC), Microchip Technology MCP6041T-I/OT and MCP6042T-I/MS (OP AMP), (3) temperature sensor: Ablic S-5851A, (4) flash memory: Winbond Electronics W25Q32JV(4 MB), (5) power unit: Texas Instruments BQ24232RGTR (Charger IC), Synergy ScienTech AHB512229PR (Li-ion Battery: 3.7 V, 295 mAh) and ON Semiconductor LC709203F (fuel gauge).