. 2021 Mar 2;11:4997. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84660-5

Table 5.

Chemical composition and fatty acids composition (mg g^-1 DM) of barramundi muscle (skin less) after six weeks feeding with a gradient PBM diets, concurrently supplemented with TH and HI larvae meal.

	Diet1 (Control)	Diet2 (80PBM_10TH+10HI)	Diet3 (85PBM_{5TH+10 HI})	Diet4 (90PBM_{5TH+ 5HI})
Chemical composition (%)
Moisture (WW)	75.22 ± 0.37	74.88 ± 0.44	75.67 ± 0.15	75.12 ± 0.33
CP (DM)	75.27 ± 0.18^a	70.07 ± 0.62^b	70.72 ± 0.60^b	71.16 ± 0.42^b
CL (DM)	5.70 ± 0.13^b	10.70 ± 0.38^a	10.58 ± 0.53^a	10.74 ± 0.25^a
Ash (DM)	5.69 ± 0.02	5.61 ± 0.13	5.67 ± 0.08	5.65 ± 0.10
Fatty acid composition, mg g⁻¹ DM
C12:0	0.03 ± 0.01^c	1.55 ± 0.09^a	1.63 ± 0.10^a	0.74 ± 0.04^b
C14:0	0.52 ± 0.06^b	1.18 ± 0.06^a	1.17 ± 0.06^a	0.96 ± 0.06^a
C16:0	5.81 ± 0.31^b	10.99 ± 0.53^a	11.13 ± 0.41^a	10.92 ± 0.40^a
C18:0	2.00 ± 0.11^b	3.70 ± 0.15^a	3.69 ± 0.09^a	3.63 ± 0.13^a
∑SFA	9.21 ± 0.51^b	18.46 ± 0.88^a	18.60 ± 0.68^a	17.21 ± 0.66^a
C14:1n5	0.01 ± 0.00^b	0.04 ± 0.00^a	0.05 ± 0.00^a	0.04 ± 0.00^a
C16:1n7	0.86 ± 0.05^b	2.27 ± 0.14^a	2.32 ± 0.10^a	2.20 ± 0.11^a
C20:1	0.48 ± 0.04^b	1.06 ± 0.07^a	1.06 ± 0.05^a	1.25 ± 0.05^a
C18:1cis + trans	7.43 ± 0.45^b	22.85 ± 1.35^a	23.61 ± 1.09^a	23.59 ± 0.85^a
C22:1n9	0.05 ± 0.01^a	0.10 ± 0.01^b	0.10 ± 0.00^b	0.12 ± 0.01^a
∑MUFA	9.11 ± 0.56^b	26.65 ± 1.58^a	27.44 ± 1.26^a	27.53 ± 1.00^a
C18:3n3	0.72 ± 0.05^b	2.03 ± 0.12^a	2.11 ± 0.10^a	1.91 ± 0.08^a
C18:4n3#	0.11 ± 0.01^b	0.31 ± 0.02^a	0.28 ± 0.02^a	0.26 ± 0.02^a
C20:3n3	0.03 ± 0.00^b	0.06 ± 0.00^a	0.07 ± 0.00^a	0.06 ± 0.00^a
C20:5n3	0.80 ± 0.03^b	1.24 ± 0.02^a	1.06 ± 0.04^a	1.10 ± 0.07^a
C22:5n3#	0.47 ± 0.04^b	0.80 ± 0.04^a	0.74 ± 0.02^a	0.69 ± 0.03^a
C22:6n3	6.26 ± 0.34^a	4.36 ± 0.09^b	3.32 ± 0.06^c	3.73 ± 0.12^bc
∑n-3 PUFA	8.39 ± 0.48	8.78 ± 0.29	7.57 ± 0.23	7.74 ± 0.32
∑n-3 LC PUFA	7.56 ± 0.42^a	6.45 ± 0.16^ab	5.18 ± 0.12^c	5.58 ± 0.23^bc
C18:3n6	0.08 ± 0.01^b	0.21 ± 0.02^a	0.26 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.01^a
C20:3n6	0.13 ± 0.01^b	0.28 ± 0.02^a	0.33 ± 0.01^a	0.28 ± 0.01^a
C20:4n6	0.64 ± 0.03^b	0.94 ± 0.01^a	0.93 ± 0.01^a	0.91 ± 0.02^a
C22:4n6#	0.52 ± 0.03^a	0.17 ± 0.00^b	0.13 ± 0.00^b	0.13 ± 0.00^b
∑n-6 PUFA	1.37 ± 0.07^b	1.60 ± 0.04^a	1.65 ± 0.04^a	1.53 ± 0.04^ab
∑PUFA	6.73 ± 0.41^b	15.19 ± 0.65^a	15.61 ± 0.63^a	14.68 ± 0.68^a

Results are expressed as mean ± SE (standard error) (n = 12). Means with different superscripts letters in the same row indicates significant difference at P < 0.05.