Table 5.

Descriptions of Liriodendron hybrids’ candidate reference genes and associated qPCR analyses.

Symbol	Gene description/function	GenBank no	Primer sequences	Tm (°C)	Amplicon (bp)	Slop	R2	E (%)
Rpl2	Ribosomal protein L2/Protein synthesis	AF123796	F:5′-ACACCAATCCATCCCGAACT-3′	79.73	93	− 3.494	0.999	93.3
			R:5′-TCCTGGCGTCGAGCTATTT-3′
18S rRNA	18S ribosomal RNA/Constituent of the small ribosomal subunit	FR870008	F:5′-ATTTCTGCCCTATCAACTTTCG-3′	82.42	183	− 3.466	0.998	94.5
			R:5′-TTGTTATTTATTGTCACTACCTCC-3′
ACT	Actin/Cytoskeletal structural protein	GQ246181	F:5′-CTCGGCTGTGGTTGTGAAG-3′	82.32	160	− 3.469	0.996	94.2
			R:5′-TGGTGTGATGGTTGGTATGGG-3′
EF1a	Elongation factor 1-alpha /Protein synthesis	FR870012	F:5′-ATCATGAATCACCCAGGACA-3′	80.27	147	− 3.017	0.954	104.5
			R:5′-TTCAAGAACTTGGGCTCCTT-3′
EF1g	Elongation factor 1-gamma/Protein synthesis	FD496784	F:5′-ATCCGGGATTCACTTGGATA-3′	75.85	114	− 3.349	0.998	98.9
			R:5′-CGTCACCCATAACTTTGCAC-3′
GAPDH	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase/metabolic function	FD495585	F:5′-ACAACTAACTGCCTTGCTCCTT-3′	83.5	274	− 3.263	0.997	102.5
			R:5′-AGTCAGATCCACCACCGAAA-3′
HIS1	Histone H1 linker protein/Compacting DNA strands and Chromatin regulation	CO995299	F:5′-AAGCCGAAGAAGGCGAAAGC-3′	81.93	100	− 3.137	0.986	108.3
			R:5′-TCTCGAAGTAGGGCGGATGG-3′
TUA	a-Tubulin/Cytoskeletal structural protein	FD499140	F:5′-TGACTGGAGCATAAGATGAAAGC-3′	80.46	153	− 3.300	0.983	100.9
			R:5′-CCAATCTCAACCGCCTCG-3′
TUB	β-Tubulin/Cytoskeletal structural protein	FD493593	F:5′-TCTCCGCCTCCGTAAACTC-3′	80.64	140	− 3.330	0.991	99.7
			R:5′-ATTCATTGGGAACTCAACATCG-3′
UBQ	Ubiquitin/Protein degradation	CK755254	F:5′-GGCATTCCACCAGACCAGC-3′	82.49	131	− 3.118	0.998	109.3
			R:5′-TGCATCCCGCCCCTCAAT-3′

F forward primer, R reverse primer, Tm melting temperature, Slop standard curve slope, R² regression coefficient, E amplification efficiency.