a Immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis of the interaction between hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged N4BP1 and Flag-tagged components of the NF-κB pathway in HEK293T cells transfected to overexpress HA-tagged N4BP1 (HA-N4BP1) alone (−) or together with vector encoding Flag-tagged NF-κB pathway components (above lanes). b Detection of the endogenous N4BP1-NEMO association in wild-type and N4bp1−/− peritoneal macrophages stimulated with Pam3CSK4 (+) or left unstimulated (−), assessed by immunoprecipitation with rabbit IgG as a control, or with anti-NEMO, followed by immunoblot analysis with anti-N4BP1 or anti-NEMO. c, d Mapping the binding regions between HA-N4BP1 and Flag-NEMO. c Left, Schematic representation of full-length N4BP1 (F.L.) or N4BP1 deletion mutants and amount of NEMO they bind. Right, immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis of the interaction between Flag-NEMO and HA-N4BP1 deletion mutants. d Above, schematic representation of NEMO deletion mutants. Below, immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis of the interaction between HA-N4BP1 and Flag-NEMO deletion mutants. e Above, NF-κB-dependent luciferase reporter activity in wild-type or N4BP1−/− HEK293T cells transfected with empty vector (−) or vectors encoding the indicated N4BP1 deletion mutants and stimulated with IL-1β or left unstimulated (none). Data points represent independent cultures (n = 3 independent transfections of three cultures split from one cell line). Below, immunoblot analysis of HA-N4BP1 or truncation mutants in the pooled, analyzed cells. FL full-length N4BP1. **P = 0.0065, ****P < 0.0001, ****P < 0.0001, **P = 0.005, *P = 0.0303, ***P = 0.0002, ***P = 0.0001, ****P < 0.0001, unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t test. Data are representative of two independent experiments (a–e). Mean ± s.d. plotted in e. P values are listed in order from left to right. Source data are provided in the Source Data file.