Figure 3.

Effects of intragastric administration of 40 μmol per mL⁻¹ of l-leucine (L), l-valine (V), l-proline (P) or l-glutamate (G) on the mRNA abundance of intracellular signaling elements in the rainbow trout stomach (a–d) and proximal intestine (e–h). Data obtained by RT-qPCR were normalized to the expression of actb and ee1af1α and are expressed as mean + SEM (n = 6), relative to the control group. Statistical differences among groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test using SigmaPlot software version 12.0. Significant differences are denoted by the use of letters: bars sharing the same letter are not statistically significant, while if two bars have different letters they are significantly different (p < 0.05). gnai1, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G subunit alpha 1; itpr3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3; plcb3, plcb4, phospholipase C β3 and β4.