Table 3.

Relationship between standard dependent measures in three behavioral tasks and measures of psychopathology.

	Stroop reaction time effect	Stroop accuracy effect	Go/No-Go false alarms	Go/No-Go d prime	Stop signal SSRT
HC vs. ALL DX	d = 0.12; p = 0.30	d = 0.17; p = 0.16	d=0.12; p = 0.30	d=0.33; p = 0.008	d=0.43; p = 0.001
HC vs. SZ	d = 0.06; p = 0.70	d=0.44; p = 0.009	d = 0.14; p = 0.39	d=0.51; p = 0.001	d=0.91; p < 0.001
HC vs. BP	d = 0.07; p = 0.66	d = 0.11; p = 0.49	d = −0.04; p = 0.81	d = 0.23; p = 0.14	d = 0.21; p = 0.20
HC vs. ADHD	d = 0.23; p = 0.18	d = 0.17; p = 0.33	d = 0.21; p = 0.24	d = 0.23; p = 0.17	d = 0.17; p = 0.32

We computed Cohen's d for five standard dependent measures. Positive d (observed in 19 out of 20 cases) refers to better performance in healthy controls (HCs) compared to patients (specifically: smaller Stroop reaction time and accuracy effect, fewer Go/No-Go false alarms and higher d prime, and smaller Stop Signal SSRT. Of 20 comparisons, just five were statistically significant (highlighted in bold). Stroop Reaction Time Effect, difference in reaction time between the incongruent and congruent condition; Stroop Accuracy Effect, difference in accuracy between the incongruent and congruent condition; d prime, signal detection sensitivity parameter; SSRT, stop signal reaction time, i.e., the latency in initiating a stopping process after the presentation of the stop signal (this latency is inferred based on a model of task performance). ALL DX, All three patient groups combined; SZ, Schizophrenia; BP, Bipolar Disorder; ADHD, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder.