Table 2.
Unstandardized path coefficients of cannabis use measures on cognitive outcomes in clinical probands and siblings.
| Cognitive Outcome | Ever Used | Onset of Monthly Use | Lifetime Frequency | Past-Six-Month Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wave 1 (M age = 17) | ||||
| Stroop Word (n=1,188) | 0.02 (−1.44,1.49) | 0.11 (−0.23,0.44) | 0.00 (−0.03,0.03) | 0.00 (−0.04,0.05) |
| Block Design (n=1,106) | −0.73 (−2.73,1.27) | 0.32 (−0.07,0.70) | 0.00 (−0.03,0.03) | 0.03 (−0.03,0.08) |
| Digit Span (n=481) | 0.87 (0.21,1.53) | 0.15 (0.01,0.30) | 0.00 (−0.01,0.01) | 0.02 (0.00,0.05) |
| Vocabulary (n=1,105) | −0.64 (−2.79,1.52) | 0.23 (−0.17,0.63) | 0.00 (−0.03,0.02) | 0.04 (−0.01,0.09) |
| IQ (n=1,103) | −1.49 (−4.79,1.81) | 0.55 (−0.10,1.19) | 0.00 (−0.05,0.04) | 0.07 (−0.02,0.15) |
| Trails A (n=1,191) | 1.84 (−0.31,3.99) | −0.13 (−0.52,0.26) | 0.01 (−0.01,0.04) | −0.01 (−0.06,0.05) |
| Trails B (n=1,169) | 0.98 (−1.41,3.37) | 0.11 (−0.28,0.50) | 0.01 (−0.02,0.04) | 0.03 (−0.03,0.09) |
| CVLT Long Delay Free (n=479) | −0.09 (−0.35,0.17) | 0.06 (0.00,0.12) | −0.01 *(−0.01,−0.00) | −0.01 (−0.02,0.00) |
| CVLT Composite (n=479) | −0.10 (−0.34,0.14) | 0.06 (0.00,0.12) | 0.00 (−0.01,0.00) | −0.01 (−0.02,0.00) |
| Wave 2 (M age = 23) | ||||
| Stroop Word (n=874) | −0.76 (−2.98,1.45) | −0.09 (−0.39,0.21) | 0.00 (−0.03,0.03) | −0.03 (−0.08,0.02) |
| Block Design (n=790) | 0.66 (−3.20,4.52) | 0.37 (−0.02,0.76) | 0.01 (−0.04,0.05) | 0.02 (−0.04,0.09) |
| Digit Span (n=416) | 0.58 (−0.62,1.79) | −0.03 (−0.17,0.11) | 0.01 (−0.01,0.02) | 0.02 (−0.01,0.05) |
| Trails A (n=875) | 4.01 (0.37,7.65) | −0.14 (−0.55,0.27) | 0.04 (0.00,0.08) | 0.03 (−0.04,0.10) |
| Trails B (n=867) | −0.70 (−3.74,2.35) | −0.08 (−0.48,0.31) | 0.01 (−0.03,0.04) | 0.05 (−0.02,0.11) |
| CVLT Long Delay Recall (n=415) | −0.23 (−0.71,0.26) | 0.09 *** (0.04,0.14) | 0.00 (−0.01,0.01) | 0.00 (−0.01,0.01) |
| CVLT Composite (n=415) | −0.09 (−0.48,0.30) | 0.09 *** (0.05,0.14) | 0.00 (−0.01,0.01) | 0.00 (−0.01,0.00) |
Note: CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test.
***
p < .001,
**
p < .01,
*
p < .05.
Statistical significance is based on p-values adjusted for multiple testing, using Hochberg’s correction. Model-estimated 95% confidence intervals are in parentheses. Due to the use of model-estimated confidence intervals and adjusted significance thresholds, some estimates are not statistically significant despite confidence intervals that do not span zero. Models included age and gender as covariate and accounted for the correlation of participants from the same family.