Fig. 4.

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates of crude fractions from the fungal isolate MUS1. The crude extract was extracted from fermented broth using Potato dextrose broth (PDB) as a culture medium using three different solvents in decreasing polarity, Ethyl acetate (EA), Chloroform (CH), and Hexane (HX). The three different fractions, MP1 (extracted with EA), MP2 (extracted with CH), and MP3 (extracted with HX), in each plate, were run in a solvent mixture of chloroform: methanol (9:1, v/v) and visualized using different methods: a under long-wave UV light, b under short-wave UV light, c TLC chromatogram after spraying with 2% AlCl₃ under short-wave UV light, and d TLC chromatogram after spraying with 0.04 mg/ml DPPH under visible light. RU denotes the standard flavonoid compound, rutin. The TLC chromatograms in plates a and b show that the number of metabolite bands is decreasing with decreasing polarity of the solvents used [i.e., higher for EA (MP1) in comparison to CH (MP2) and HX (MP3)]. Similarly, fluorescence, after spraying with 2% AlCl₃, is higher in MP1 than MP2 and MP3 (plate c), and Plate d represents the DPPH-radical scavenging activity of the metabolites