Table 1.
Descriptive statistics, KHANDLE cohort
| Composite ACE score | ||||||
| Variable | Level | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4+ |
| N, (%) | 1661 | 513 (100) | 448 (100) | 336 (100) | 203 (100) | 161 (100) |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 76.0 (6.8) | 75.7 (6.6) | 76.6 (6.9) | 76.1 (6.9) | 76.0 (6.7) | 74.6 (6.4) |
| Gender, n (%) | Female | 223 (43.5) | 182 (40.6) | 133 (39.6) | 74 (36.5) | 63 (39.1) |
| Male | 290 (56.5) | 266 (59.4) | 203 (60.4) | 129 (63.5) | 98 (60.9) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | Asian | 181 (35.3) | 111 (24.8) | 68 (20.2) | 29 (14.3) | 14 (8.7) |
| Black | 105 (20.5) | 116 (25.9) | 92 (27.4) | 66 (32.5) | 48 (29.8) | |
| Latino | 71 (13.8) | 82 (18.3) | 85 (25.3) | 51 (25.1) | 49 (30.4) | |
| White | 156 (30.4) | 139 (31.0) | 91 (27.1) | 57 (28.1) | 50 (31.1) | |
| Maternal education | Mean years of education among those with ≤12 years, mean (SD) | 8.46 (4.73) | 7.76 (4.87) | 7.78 (4.74) | 7.98 (5.00) | 7.83 (4.76) |
| Some college but no degree/ associates degree, n (%) | 59 (11.5) | 51 (11.4) | 38 (11.3) | 25 (12.3) | 14 (8.7) | |
| Bachelor’s or more, n (%) | 63 (12.3) | 34 (7.6) | 32 (9.5) | 18 (8.9) | 10 (6.2) | |
| Paternal education | Mean years of education among those with ≤12 years, mean (SD) | 8.51 (4.75) | 7.29 (5.16) | 6.82 (5.36) | 6.19 (5.21) | 6.53 (5.45) |
| Some college but no degree/associates degree, n (%) | 60 (11.7) | 43 (9.6) | 32 (9.5) | 21 (10.3) | 12 (7.5) | |
| Bachelor’s or more, n (%) | 110 (21.4) | 70 (15.6) | 46 (13.7) | 14 (6.9) | 15 (9.3) | |
ACE, adverse childhood experience; KHANDLE, Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences.