Skip to main content
. 2021 Feb 15;22(3):e52162. doi: 10.15252/embr.202052162

Figure 2. Functional and structural diversity of AFPs.

Figure 2

Five biological functions of AFPs (A). Four ice‐crystal planes that can serve as binding interfaces for the different AFPs (B). Phylogenetic tree of IBP evolution. IBP structures found in several organisms are shown to highlight the structural diversity. For each of these IBPs, the specific functions and plane selectivity (color coding as in panels A and B), IRI and TH activity are indicated. + low activity, ++ moderate activity, +++ high activity. *predicted structure, from Graether and Jia (2001). N.D., not determined (C). Sources: (Bar Dolev et al, 2016; Voets, 2017).