Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study participants according to parental history of diabetes
| FH0 | PH | MH | FH2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 34,913 | 1,628 | 2,378 | 325 |
| n Male | 13,895 | 678 | 884 | 116 |
| Mean age, years (95% CI) | 44.35 (44.01–44.69) | 39.76 (38.93–40.59) † | 41.18 (40.33–42.03) † , ‡ | 44.76 (42.62–46.90) |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (95% CI) | 23.72 (23.65–23.79) | 24.51 (24.23–24.78) † | 24.56 (24.31–24.81) † | 24.61 (24.11–25.12) † |
| Prevalence of overweight, % (95% CI) | 31.52 (30.63–32.42) | 35.70 (32.10–39.47) † | 38.77 (35.20–42.47) † | 44.15 (34.90, 53.83) † |
| Prevalence of obesity, % (95% CI) | 12.01 (11.44–12.61) | 17.12 (14.35–20.29) † | 15.76 (13.62–18.17) † | 12.38 (8.24–18.21) |
| Prevalence of overweight/obesity, % (95% CI) | 43.53 (42.57–44.50) | 52.82 (48.99–56.61) † | 54.53 (50.77–58.24) † | 56.54 (46.93–65.68) † |
| Mean fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L (95% CI) | 5.22 (5.18–5.26) | 5.47 (5.34–5.59) † | 5.54 (5.42–5.66) † | 6.30 (5.85–6.75) † |
| Mean 2‐h OGTT glucose, mmol/L (95% CI) | 6.81 (6.73–6.88) | 7.24 (6.95–7.52) † | 7.55 (7.30–7.79) † | 9.06 (8.20–9.92) † |
| Mean fasting serum insulin, mU/L (95% CI) | 8.22 (8.08–8.37) | 9.37 (8.81–9.92) † | 8.81 (8.38–9.24) † , ‡ | 10.05 (8.58–11.52) † |
| Mean 2‐h OGTT insulin, mU/L (95% CI) | 36.86 (35.83–37.89) | 43.69 (40.23–47.15) † | 42.33 (39.40–45.25) † | 40.69 (33.63–47.74) |
| Mean HOMA‐B (95% CI) | 144.13 (136.93–151.32) | 131.72 (122.14–141.30) | 155.68 (100.75–210.61) | 105.32 (88.06–122.58) † |
| Mean insulinogenic index (95% CI) | 14.64 (13.92–15.37) | 18.06 (13.04–23.09) | 13.54 (10.59–16.49) ‡ | 13.36 (9.50–17.22) |
| Mean HOMA‐IR (95% CI) | 1.96 (1.92–2.00) | 2.35 (2.17– 2.53) † | 2.26 (2.10–2.42) † | 2.82 (2.38–3.26) † |
| Mean ISIm (95% CI) | 8.55 (8.44–8.67) | 6.93 (6.63–7.24) † | 7.58 (7.22–7.94) † , ‡ | 6.41 (5.49–7.34) † |
Data are shown as the mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) and estimated prevalence (95% CI). All mean values and the prevalences for overweight, obesity, and overweight/obesity were weighted to represent the total population of Chinese adults (aged ≥20 years) on the basis of Chinese population data from 2006. All non‐Gaussian distributed quantitative traits were natural logarithmically transformed before the comparisons. The differences in means or prevalences between the parental history categories were tested using the PAIRWISE procedure in SUDAAN software. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; FH2, both parents affected with diabetes; HOMA‐B, the homeostasis model assessment for β‐cell function; HOMA‐IR, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; ISIm, Matsuda Index; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.
Significant difference from negative parental history of diabetes (FH0).
Significant difference between maternal history of diabetes only (MH) and paternal history of diabetes only (PH).