Table 2.
Health professionals’knowledge and management of patients with liquid dysphagia.
| Questionnaire/Answer to the Questionnaire | Nurse (N = 324) | Doctor (N = 15) | ANCT (N = 55) | Total (N = 394) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| What is the definition of dysphagia? | |||||
| Impaired swallowing | 210 (64.8) | 8 (53.3) | 31 (56.4) | 249 (63.2) | 0.35 |
| Do not know | 114 (35.2) | 7 (46.7) | 24 (43.6) | 165 (36.8) | |
| What approach would you take witha patient with liquid dysphagia? | |||||
| Dysphagia test and adaptation of the diet | 194 (59.9) | 8 (53.3) | 26 (47.3) | 228 (57.9) | |
| No fluid intake | 8 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (7.3) | 12 (3.0) | |
| Absolute diet | 3 (0.9) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (1.8) | 5 (1.3) | 0.13 |
| Do not know | 119 (36.7) | 6 (40.0) | 24 (43.6) | 149 (37.8) | |
| Is the EAT-10 test performed at your center? | |||||
| Yes | 64 (19.8) | 3 (20.0) | 15 (27.3) | 82 (20.8) | |
| Not | 73 (22.5) | 2 (13.3) | 4 (7.3) | 79 (20.0) | 0.136 |
| I do not know the test | 127 (39.2) | 5 (33.3) | 22 (40.0) | 154 (39.2) | |
| Do not know | 60 (28.5) | 5 (33.3) | 14 (25.5) | 79 (20.0) | |
| Is the MEDCV-V test performed at your center? | |||||
| Yes | 83 (25.6) | 3 (20.0) | 9 (16.4) | 95 (24.1) | |
| Not | 57 (17.6) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (3.6) | 61 (15.5) | 0.008 |
| I do not know the test | 132 (40.7) | 4 (26.7) | 29 (52.7) | 165 (41.9) | |
| Do not know | 52 (16.0) | 6 (40.0) | 15 (27.3) | 73 (18.5) | |
| When are these tests performed? | |||||
| Upon admission | 46 (14.2) | 2 (14.2) | 11 (20.0) | 59 (15.0) | |
| On request | 43 (13.3) | 4 (26.7) | 4 (7.3) | 51 (12.9) | |
| With people at risk of dysphagia | 136 (42.0) | 6 (40.0) | 21 (38.2) | 163 (41.4) | 0.382 |
| After bronchoaspiration | 9 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (7.3) | 13 (3.3) | |
| Do not know | 90 (27.8) | 3 (20.0) | 15 (27.3) | 108 (27.4) | |
| Are subsequent checks carried out? | |||||
| Yes | 136 (42.0) | 6 (40.0) | 24 (43.6) | 166 (42.1) | |
| Not | 53 (16.4) | 4 (26.7) | 8 (14.5) | 65 (16.5) | 0.85 |
| Do not know | 135 (41.7) | 5 (33.3) | 23 (41.8) | 163 (41.4) | |
| Who carries out these tests? | |||||
| Doctor | 21 (6.5) | 4 (26.7) | 8 (14.5) | 3 (0,8) | |
| Nurse | 117 (36.1) | 2 (13.3) | 19 (34.5) | 138 (35.0) | |
| Speech therapist | 8 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.0) | |
| Nutrition unit | 46 (14.2) | 4 (26.7) | 11 (20.0) | 61 (15.5) | 0.114 |
| Other | 4 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) | 5 (1.3) | |
| Do not know | 126 (38.9) | 5 (33.3) | 16 (29.1) | 147 (37.3) | |
| Not applicable | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | |
| If the patient requires thickeners, when is the thickener used? | |||||
| Breakfast | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Lunch | 3 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.8) | 0.317 |
| Dinner | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | |
| In all fluids the patients ingest | 320 (98.8) | 15 (100.0) | 54 (98.2) | 389 (98.8) | |
| Based on whatdo you choose the texture to be prescribed topatients with liquid dysphagia? | |||||
| MECV-V test results | 59 (18.2) | 3 (20.0) | 6 (10.9) | 68 (17.3) | |
| Patient tolerance | 249 (76.9) | 11 (73.3) | 48 (87.3) | 308 (78.2) | 0.497 |
| Palatability | 16 (4.9) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (1.8) | 18 (4.5) | |
| Do you adjust the position ofapatient with liquid dysphagia before eating? | |||||
| Yes, always | 301 (92.9) | 10 (66.7) | 54 (98.2) | 365 (92.6) | |
| Often | 21 (6.5) | 3 (20.0) | 1 (1.8) | 25 (6.4) | |
| Rarely | 1 (0.3) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Never | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Do you provide straws or syringes for the administration of liquid topatients with liquid dysphagia? | |||||
| Yes | 190 (58.6) | 9 (60.0) | 42 (76.4) | 244 (61.2) | 0.044 |
| Not | 134 (41.4) | 6 (40.0) | 13 (23.6) | 153 (38.8) | |
| Do you inform family members about preventive and bronchoaspiration measures? | |||||
| Yes, always | 268 (82.7) | 11 (73.3) | 44 (80.0) | 323 (81.9) | |
| Often | 42 (13.0) | 4 (26.7) | 4 (7.3) | 50 (12.7) | 0.093 |
| Rarely | 10 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (9.1) | 15 (3.8) | |
| Never | 4 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.6) | 6 (1.5) | |
| Have you witnessed a bronchoaspiration? | |||||
| Yes | 245 (75.6) | 12 (80.0) | 44 (80.0) | 301 (76.4) | 0.736 |
| Not | 79 (24.4) | 3 (20.0) | 11 (20.0) | 93 (23.6) | |
| What was the most serious result after witnessing bronchoaspiration? | |||||
| No incidents | 53 (16.4) | 1 (6.7) | 19 (34.5) | 73 (18.5) | |
| Pneumonia | 153 (47.2) | 6 (40.0) | 16 (29.1) | 175 (44.4) | |
| Death | 42 (13.0) | 5 (33.3) | 10 (18.2) | 57 (14.5) | 0.005 |
| I have not witnessed any aspiration | 76 (23.5) | 3 (20.0) | 10 (18.2) | 89 (22.6) |
ANCT: Auxiliary Nursing Care Technician, EAT-10: Eating Assessment Tool, MECV-V: Clinical Examination of Volume Viscosity.