Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Feb 22;18(4):2147. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18042147

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Changes in mean concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin, and lipase in human milk after the HPP + Lyo processes and 3-month storage compared with raw human milk. The data are presented as mean values with the standard error of the mean. The percentage of concentrations of the selected bioactive components in milk samples subjected to HPP + Lyo at time 0 (0) and at 3 months (3) compared to raw human milk (100%) (3). Statistically significant differences were observed and marked with asterisks, depending on the degree of significance (*** p < 0.0001, ** p < 0.001), only adiponectin (at time 0, p = 0.0002; at month 3, p < 0.0001) and HGF (at month 3, p = 0.0049). The differences in leptin, insulin, and lipase levels measured in treated (HPP + Lyo) milk samples stored for 3 months and in raw milk samples were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).