Table 5.

Occurrence of selected PFASs in human serum and urine.

PFASs	Place of Study	Year of Samples Collection	Level	Reference
Serum
PFOA	New York, USA (occupational exposure)	2000–2002	8.1 ng/L	[135]
	USA (children serum, 3–11 year)	2013–2014	1.92 ng/mL	[136]
	New Hampshire, USA	2015	3.09 μg/L	[137]
	Slovakia (cord study)	2010–2012	0.79 ng/mL	[138]
	Australia (cohort study)	2014–2015	2.03 ng/mL	[139]
PFOS	New York, USA (occupational exposure)	2000–2002	34.3 ng/L	[135]
	Taipei, Taiwan	2009–2010	28.9 ng/mL	[140]
	Spain (cohort study)	2009–2010	7.61 ng/mL	[141]
	USA (children 3–11 year)	2013–2014	3.88 ng/mL	[136]
	New Hampshire, USA	2015	8.59 μg/L	[137]
	Slovakia (cord blood)	2010–2012	0.36 ng/mL	[138]
	Australia (cohort study)	2014–2015	5.24 ng/mL	[139]
PFBS	Serum (Taipei, Taiwan)	2009–2010	0.5 ng/mL	[140]
	Taipei, Taiwan	2009–2010	1.3 ng/mL	[140]
	USA (children serum, 3–11 year)	2013–2014	0.843 ng/mL	[136]
	Spain (cohort study)	2009–2010	0.836 ng/mL	[141]
	Australia (cohort study)	2014–2015	2.05 ng/mL	[139]
	Slovakia (cord blood)	2010–2012	0.07 ng/mL	[138]
PFNA	Taipei, Taiwan	2009–2010	0.8 ng/mL	[140]
	USA (children 3–11 year)	2013–2014	0.794 ng/mL	[136]
	Spain (cohort study)	2009–2010	0.954 ng/mL	[141]
	Slovakia (cord blood)	2010–2012	0.20 ng/mL	[138]
	Australia (cohort study)	2014–2015	0.49 ng/mL	[139]
Urine
PFOA	China	2015	4.61 ng/L	[142]
	China	2011	12.9 ng/L	[143]
	Decatur, USA	2016	0.027 µg/L	[106]
PFOS	China	2015	18.71 ng/L	[142]
	China	2011	49.6 ng/L	[143]
PFHxS	China	2015	<1.41 ng/L	[142]
PFNA	China	2015	0.46 ng/L	[142]