Table 3.
Antioxidant activity/capacity (TEAC and DPPH assays), total phenolic content (TPC), and total anthocyanin content (TAC) reported for different white grape varieties grown in organic and conventional production systems in different countries/regions.
| Parameter Assessed. | Production System | Country | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Grape Type Grape Variety |
Organic | Conventional | ANOVA Results |
or Region (Study Type) |
Reference |
| TAATEAC (mM TE·L−1) | |||||
| Villana | 7 ± 1.1 | 6 ± 1.2 | NS | GR (FS) | this study |
| Vidiano | 14 ± 2.4 | 9 ± 1.6 | * | GR (FS) | this study |
| Early Sweet | 5 ± 1.0 | 8 ± 1.4 | NS | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| Prime | 6 ± 0.3 | 5 ± 0.5 | NS | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| Sugarlone | 7 ± 1.3 | 4 ± 0.3 | NS | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| Thompson | 6 ± 1.1 | 5 ± 0.6 | NS | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| TAADPPH (mM TE·L−1) | |||||
| Villana | 59 ± 1.7 | 58 ± 1.4 | NS | GR (FS) | this study |
| Vidiano | 57 ± 1.4 | 57 ± 1.4 | NS | GR (FS) | this study |
| Early Sweet | 54 ± 2.7 | 42 ± 0.4 | NS | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| Prime | 53 ± 2.6 | 57 ± 2.0 | NS | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| Sugarlone | 61 ± 1.6 | 60 ± 1.2 | NS | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| Thompson | 61 ± 1.7 | 56 ± 1.8 | NS | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| Pignoletto | 7 ± 0.8 | 8 ± 0.3 | NS | IT (FS) | [22] |
| Albana | 6 ± 0.1 | 7 ± 0.4 | * | IT (FS) | [34] |
| Muscat Ottonel | 16 ± 0.4 | 14 ± 0.2 | NS | RO (FS) | [37] |
| Aromat de Iaşi | 3 ± 0.2 | 2 ± 0.6 | * | RO (FS) | [37] |
| Traminer roz | 7 ± 0.3 | 5 ± 0.2 | * | RO (FS) | [37] |
| Riesling italian | 9 ± 0.7 | 8 ± 0.4 | * | RO (FS) | [37] |
| Feteasca regală | 10 ± 0.2 | 12 ± 0.9 | * | RO (FS) | [37] |
| Timpuriu de Cluj | 12 ± 1.1 | 16 ± 1.9 | * | RO (FS) | [37] |
| TPC (mg GAE·kg−1) | |||||
| Villana | 1201 ± 146 | 243 ± 182 | NS | GR (FS) | this study |
| Vidiano | 2243 ± 250 | 1748 ± 194 | NS | GR (FS) | this study |
| Early Sweet | 1180 ± 19 | 1328 ± 142 | NS | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| Prime | 1088 ± 72 | 1388 ± 35 | * | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| Sugarlone | 1845 ± 87 | 1556 ± 109 | * | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| Thompson | 943 ± 113 | 861 ± 49 | NS | SA (RS) | [15] 1 |
| Muscat Ottonel | 631 ± 21 | 41 ± 32 | * | RO (FS) | [37] |
| Aromat de Iaşi | 220 ± 14 | 228 ± 6 | NS | RO (FS) | [37] |
| Traminer roz | 219 ± 4 | 330 ± 2 | NS | RO (FS) | [37] |
| Riesling italian | 423 ± 10 | 436 ± 11 | NS | RO (FS) | [37] |
| Feteasca regală | 579 ± 11 | 575 ± 9 | NS | RO (FS) | [37] |
| Timpuriu de Cluj | 331 ± 4 | 380 ± 23 | NS | RO (FS) | [37] |
| Niagara | 22 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | * | BR (RS) | [38] |
| Niagara | 524 ± 7 | 339 ± 7 | * | BR (RS) | [13] |
Means ± SE for the production system which resulted in significantly higher values are shown in bold. 1 Grape retail survey carried out in 2015. Study type: FS, farm survey; RS, retail survey. TAATEAC/TAADPPH, total antioxidant activity/capacity; TPC, total phenolic concentration; TAC, total anthocyanin concentration. Asterisks within the same row denote that the mean for organic grapes is significantly different from the mean for conventional grapes (p < 0.05); NS within the same row denotes that the mean for organic grape is not significantly different from the mean for conventional grapes (p > 0.05). GR, Greece; BR, Brazil; TR, Turkey; RO, Romania; FR, France; IT, Italy; SA, South Africa; MED, Mediterranean countries.