Table 1.
Mean (SD) of angle range of motion (ROM) of the stance phase for the four experimental conditions.
| Joint | Variables | Neutral Shoe/Pre | Neutral Shoe/Post | Bionic Shoe/Pre | Bionic Shoe/Post | Main Effect Shoe | Main Effect Time | Interaction Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankle | Sagittal ROM (°) | 42.90 (2.20) | 42.30 (2.46) | 41.10 (3.82) | 39.58 (3.63) | F = 6.813; p = 0.020 | F = 1.813; p = 0.198 | F = 0.602; p = 0.450 |
| Frontal ROM (°) | 10.55 (3.53) | 10.04 (2.80) | 9.00 (3.04) | 9.87 (1.23) | F = 4.490; p = 0.051 | F = 0.049; p = 0.827 | F = 0.696; p = 0.417 | |
| Horizontal ROM (°) | 15.30 (2.78) | 15.22 (2.16) | 16.58 (4.34) | 15.87 (4.16) | F = 0.843; p = 0.373 | F = 0.654; p = 0.431 | F = 0.282; p = 0.603 | |
| Knee | Sagittal ROM (°) | 26.86 (3.42) | 25.78 (3.53) | 23.90 (4.53) | 21.77 (3.39) | F = 8.823; p = 0.010 | F = 6.136; p = 0.026 | F = 0.570; p = 0.462 |
| Frontal ROM (°) | 4.66 (1.34) | 4.36 (1.59) | 3.30 (0.97) | 4.68 (2.40) | F = 0.684; p = 0.421 | F = 3.322; p = 0.088 | F = 3.120; p = 0.030 | |
| Horizontal ROM (°) | 11.74 (1.09) | 10.59 (2.34) | 9.70 (2.03) | 9.18 (1.50) | F = 13.675; p = 0.002 | F = 4.675; p = 0.057 | F = 0.333; p = 0.572 | |
| Hip | Sagittal ROM (°) | 43.64 (3.99) | 40.44 (4.35) | 39.17 (3.32) | 39.16 (5.55) | F = 14.138; p = 0.002 | F = 4.944; p = 0.042 | F = 13.252; p = 0.002 |
| Frontal ROM (°) | 14.93 (1.84) | 14.95 (2.20) | 13.50 (2.39) | 11.69 (0.87) | F = 50.948; p < 0.001 | F = 4.180; p = 0.059 | F = 5.986; p = 0.027 | |
| Horizontal ROM (°) | 9.41 (2.99) | 8.87 (2.45) | 9.25 (1.55) | 7.84 (1.69) | F = 0.911; p = 0.355 | F = 3.237; p = 0.092 | F = 0.426; p = 0.524 |
Note: Statistical significance was set to p < 0.05. The significant differences in interaction effect were based on the results of Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.008). The bold represented significant differences.