Table 7.
Effects of foliar application with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NP) on yield, and water productivity (WP) of eggplant grown under full (FI) and deficit (DI) irrigation.
| Treatments | Fruit Length (cm) | No. of Fruits Plant−1 |
Fruit Weight (g) |
Fruit Yield (t ha−1) |
WP (kg m−3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrigation (I) | * | * | * | * | * |
| FI | 14.2 ± 0.37 a | 17.4 ± 0.93 a | 67.7 ± 2.87 a | 51.3 ± 2.11 a | 7.1 ± 0.29 b |
| DI | 12.9 ± 0.39 b | 16.0 ± 0.63 b | 55.3 ± 1.27 b | 42.6 ± 3.03 b | 7.8 ± 0.58 b |
| ZnO NP(ppm) | * | * | * | * | * |
| ZnO NP(0) | 12.8 ± 0.59 b | 13.5 ± 0.66 c | 54.7 ± 2.16 c | 34.7 ± 2.67 c | 5.3 ± 0.25 c |
| ZnO NP(50) | 14.1 ± 0.47 a | 17.4 ± 0.63 b | 69.0 ± 4.29 a | 49.4 ± 1.84 b | 7.9 ± 0.43 b |
| ZnO NP(100) | 13.7 ± 0.38 ab | 19.3 ± 0.81 a | 60.8 ± 0.95 b | 56.7 ± 1.85 a | 9.0 ± 0.30 a |
| I × ZnO NP | ** | ** | * | * | * |
| FI × ZnO NP(0) | 14.5 ± 0.56 ab | 13.3 ± 0.95 c | 58.7 ± 3.23 b | 43.3 ± 0.99 c | 5.9 ± 0.14 c |
| FI × ZnO NP(50) | 15.2 ± 0.54 a | 18.2 ± 0.75 b | 82.1 ± 3.15 a | 50.1 ± 2.31 b | 6.9 ± 0.32 c |
| FI × ZnO NP(100) | 12.8 ± 0.48 d | 20.8 ± 1.25 a | 62.5 ± 0.93 b | 60.3 ± 3.09 a | 8.3 ± 0.43 b |
| DI × ZnO NP(0) | 11.2 ± 0.31 e | 13.7 ± 0.99 c | 50.7 ± 1.91 c | 26.1 ± 0.88 d | 4.6 ± 0.28 d |
| DI × ZnO NP(50) | 13.0 ± 0.45 bd | 16.7 ± 0.99 b | 56.0 ± 1.83 bc | 48.6 ± 3.04 bc | 8.9 ± 0.56 ab |
| DI × ZnO NP(100) | 14.5 ± 0.34 abc | 17.7 ± 0.56 b | 59.2 ± 1.43 b | 53.1 ± 0.53 b | 9.8 ± 0.10 a |
** and * indicate, respectively, differences at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01 probability level, and “ns” indicates not significant difference. Means followed by the same letter in each column are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test (p ≤ 0.05).