Table 1.
A summary of exosomes related to different female reproductive system diseases.
| Disease | Source | Studied cargo | Type | Clinil Level | Clinical Value | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCOS | Follicular fluid | miR-25-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-193b-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-199b-3p, miR-629-5p, miR-4532, miR-4745-3p, miR-6087 | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [66] |
| Follicular fluid | miR-10a-5p, miR-23b-3p, miR-98-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200c-3p, miR-382-5p, miR-483-5p, miR-483-3p, miR-3911 | miRNA | Down | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [66] | |
| Follicular fluid | miR-146a-5p, miR-126–3p | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [68] | |
| Follicular fluid | miR-20b-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-18a-3p | miRNA | Down | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [68] | |
| AMSCs | miR-323-3p | miRNA | - | Stem cell therapy | [69] | |
| Serum | miR-27a-5p | miRNA | Up | Target therapy | [70] | |
| Follicular fluid | hsa_circ_0006877 | circRNA | Down | Target therapy | [72] | |
| Urine | DENND1A.V2 | Protein | Up | Target therapy | [74] | |
| Follicular fluid | S100-A9 | Protein | Up | Target therapy | [77] | |
| POF | BMSCs | miR-664-5p | miRNA | - | Stem cell therapy | [87] |
| BMSCs | miR-144-5p | miRNA | - | Stem cell therapy | [88] | |
| hAECs | miR-1246 | miRNA | - | Stem cell therapy | [89] | |
| AFSCs | miR-10a, miR-146a | miRNA | - | Stem cell therapy | [90] | |
| PD-MSCs | antioxidant enzymes [e.g., catalase, and PRDX1] | Protein | - | Stem cell therapy | [91] | |
| Asherman syndrome | MSCs | MMP-2, MMP-9, PCNA, CD31, VEGFR1 | Protein | Up | Stem cell therapy | [94] |
| MSCs | TIMP-2 | Protein | Down | Stem cell therapy | [94] | |
| Endometriosis | Serum | miR-320a | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis | [101] |
| Peritoneal macrophages | miR-22-3p | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [120] | |
| ECC1 cells | miR-17, miR-106a, miR-200c | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [22] | |
| Endometrial fluid | miR-30d | miRNA | Target therapy | [109] | ||
| Endometrial stromal cells | hsa-miR-494- 3p, hsa-miR-10b-3p, hsa-125b-2-3p, hsa-miR-1343-3p | miRNA | Up | Target therapy | [110] | |
| Macrophages | miR-223 | miRNA | Target therapy | [114] | ||
| Stroma-ectopic cells | miR-214 | miRNA | Down | Target therapy | [116,117] | |
| Ectopic endometriotic lesions | LINC00998, NEAT1, PVT1, H19, RP4-561L24.3 | LncRNA | Up | Target therapy | [112] | |
| Ectopic endometriotic lesions | LINC00293, LINC00929, MEG8, SNHG25, RP5-898J17.1 | LncRNA | Down | Target therapy | [112] | |
| Ectopic endometria, serum, ECSCs | aHIF | LncRNA | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [123] | |
| Peritoneal fluid | PRDX1, ITIH4, ANXA2, tubulin α-chain | Protein | Up | Diagnosis | [111] | |
| Endometrial Cancer | CAFs | miR-148b | miRNA | Down | Target therapy | [130] |
| CAFs | miR-320a | miRNA | Down | Target therapy | [131] | |
| Endometrial cancer cells | miRNA-21 | miRNA | Up | Target therapy | [133] | |
| Peritoneal lavage | miR-10b-5p, miR-34b-3p, miR-34c-5p, miR-34c-3p, miR-449b-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-383-5p, miR-2110 | miRNA | Down | Diagnosis | [134] | |
| Urine | hsa-miR-200c-3p | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis | [135] | |
| Supernatants of endometrial cancer cell lines | miR-133a | miRNA | Up | Target therapy | [136] | |
| Serum | hsa circ 0109046, hsa circ 0002577 | circRNA | Up | Diagnosis | [137] | |
| Plasma | LGALS3BP | Protein | Up | Target therapy | [132] | |
| Peripheral and uterine blood | TF+, CD144+, CD14+ | Protein | Up | Diagnosis | [138] | |
| Cervical Cancer | Cervicovaginal lavage | miR-21, miR-146a | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis | [144] |
| Plasma | let-7d-3p miR-30d-5p | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis | [145] | |
| Plasma | miR-125a-5p | miRNA | Down | Diagnosis | [146] | |
| Cervical cancer cell lines | miR-221, miR-222 in | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [147,148,149,150] | |
| HEK293 | miR-22 | miRNA | Down | Target therapy | [151] | |
| HeLa | HNF1A-AS1 | LncRNA | Up | Diagnosis | [152] | |
| Cervicovaginal lavage | HOTAIR, MALAT1, MEG3 | LncRNA | Up | Diagnosis | [153] | |
| Serum | EXOC7 | LncRNA | Up | Diagnosis | [154] | |
| CerEpiC, HeLa, CaSki | TUG1 | LncRNA | Up | Diagnosis | [155] | |
| Cervical cancer cell lines | Patched1, Smoothened, Sonic hedgehog, Indian hedgehog | Protein | Up | Target therapy | [156] | |
| Mouse cervical cancer cells | ATF1, RAS | Protein | Up | Target therapy | [157] | |
| Ovarian Cancer | Serum | miR-21 | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [189] |
| Plasma | miR-100, miR-320 | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis | [182] | |
| Plasma | miR-16, miR-93, miR-126 | miRNA | Down | Diagnosis | [182] | |
| Paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cell | miR-106a | miRNA | Up | Drug resistance | [175] | |
| Paclitaxel- and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell | miR-130a | miRNA | Down | Drug resistance | [176] | |
| Serum | miR-200 | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis | [179,180,181] | |
| Ovarian cancer tissues | miR-221, miR-222 | miRNA | Up | Drug resistance and Target therapy | [174] | |
| Macrophages | miR-223 | miRNA | Up | Drug resistance | [178] | |
| Paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cell | miR-591 | miRNA | Down | Drug resistance | [175] | |
| Ovarian cancer cell lines | miR-433 | miRNA | Down | Drug resistance | [173] | |
| Ovarian cancer cell lines | CD9, CD63 | Protein | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [168] | |
| Ovarian cancer cell lines | CD24 | Protein | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [165] | |
| Epithelial ovarian cancer | CD44 | Protein | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [166] | |
| Serum | Hsp27 | Protein | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [169] | |
| Dendritic cells | MHC I, Hsp70, Hsp90 | Protein | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [167] | |
| Ovarian cancer cell lines | Aldehyde reductase, phosphate isomerase, fatty acid synthase, and peroxiredoxin | Protein | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [162,170] | |
| Ovarian cancer cell lines | LPL, COL5A2 | Protein | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [171] | |
| Cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells | Annexin A3 | Protein | Up | Drug resistance | [172] | |
| Preeclampsia | Extravillous trophoblast cells | miR-23a-3p, miR-125b-2-3p, miR-144-3p, miR-192-5p, miR-205-5p, miR-208a-3p, miR-335-5p, miR-451a, miR-518a-3p, miR-542-3p | miRNA | Down | Diagnosis | [217] |
| Extravillous trophoblast cells | let-7a-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-199a-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-584-5p, miR-744-5p, miR-6724-5p, * hsa-miR-525-5p, * hsa-miR-526b-5p, * hsa-miR-1269b | miRNA | Up | Diagnosis and Target therapy | [217] | |
| Placental trophoblast | Syncytin-2 | Protein | Down | Target therapy | [205] | |
| Syncytiotrophoblast | Tissue factor | Protein | Up | Target therapy | [209,210] |
* These three miRNAs were recognized only in the disease conditions. miR, miRNA, microRNA; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; POF, premature ovarian failure; AMSCs, adipose mesenchymal stem cells; BMSCs, bone mesenchymal stem cells; hAECs, human amniotic epithelial cells; AFSCs, PD-MSCs, amniotic fluid stem cells; placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells; peroxiredoxin; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; CD31, cluster of differentiation 31; VEGFR1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1; TIMP-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2; aHIF, antisense hypoxia-inducible factor; ITIH4, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4; ANXA2, annexin A2; CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts; LGALS3BP, lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein; ATF1, activating transcription factor 1; Hsp27, heat shock protein 27; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; COL5A2, collagen type V alpha 2 chain.