| ESI-MS | Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry |
| HPLC | High performance liquid chromatography |
| DCQ | di-caffeoylquinic acid |
| SA | Silybin A |
| SB | Silybin B |
| ISB-A&B | Isosilybin A&B |
| SD | Silydianin |
| SC | Silychristin |
| TXF | Taxifolin |
| CHS | Chalcone synthase |
| PAL | Phenylalanine ammonia lyase |
| HCT | Shikimate o-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase |
| CCR | Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase |
| CAD | Cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
| COMT | Caffeoyl-CoA-methyltransferase |
| F3′H | Flavonoid 3′-monooxygenase |
| F3H | Flavanone-3-hydroxylase |
| CGA | Chlorogenic acid |
| CBB | Coomassie Brilliant blue |
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