Table 2.

Representative growth factors for angiogenesis in the CAM.

Growth Factors	Description	Functions	Ref.
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor	To exert vascular permeability and endothelial cell recruitment	[37]
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor	To elicit fibrocyte proliferation	[11,39,40]
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor	To stimulate vascular stability	[38]
ANG	Angiopoietin	To act on endothelial sprouting, vessel wall remodelling and mural cell recruitment	[37]
HGF	Hepatocyte growth factor	As a cytokine to stimulate proliferation and morphogenesis of epithelia	[37]
HIF	Hypoxia-inducible factor	To induce expression of VEGF and its receptors	[14,37]
Endostain	A proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII (a component of the basement membrane)	To act as an endogenous anti-angiogenic molecule	[37]