Table 1.

Studies concerning gut dysbiosis in CVD [6].

Study Groups	Microbiota Results	References
Non ischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; n = 28 (vs. 19 controls)	↑ Streptococcus, Veillonella, Eggerthela ↓ Prevotella, SMB53 (Clostridiaceae)	[42]
Patients with ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy; n = 84 (vs. 266 controls)	↑ Prevotella, Hungatella (Lacnospiraceae), Succiniclasticum ↓ Blautia, Anaerostipes, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Coprococcus	[28]
Stable systolic heart failure; n = 20 (vs. 20 controls)	↑ Escherichia-Shigella ↓ Blautia, Collinsella, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceaem Faecalibacterium	[38]
Patients with ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy; n = 53 (vs. 40 controls)	↑ Ruminococcus, Acinetobacter, Veillonella ↓ Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Oscilibacter	[27]
Patients with hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg); n = 60 (vs. 60 controls)	↑ Klebsiella, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Parabacteroides, Eggerthella ↓ Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Synergistetes	[43]
Patients with hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) and pre-hypertensive patients (125/80–139/90 mmHg); n = 155 (vs. 41 controls)	↑ Prevotella, Klebsiella, Porphyromonas ↓ Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, Oscillibacter, Coprococcus, Butyrivibrio	[44]
Patients with coronary artery disease; n = 70 (vs. 98 controls)	↑ Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus ↓ Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Subdoligranulum	[45]
Patients with stable angina and old myocardial infarction who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention or bypass; n = 39 (vs. 30 controls)	↑ Lactobacillales ↓ Bacteroides, Clostridium	[46]
Patients with atherosclerotic plaques with clinical presentations of stable or unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction; n = 218 (vs. 187 controls)	↑ Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Atopobium parvulum, Ruminococcus gnavus, Eggerthella lenta ↓ Roseburia, Faecalibacterium	[31]