Table 1.
Maternal characteristics within the cohort. Abbreviations: DS, Down syndrome; HTD, Hypertensive disorders; IQR, interquartile range; NIPT, Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing; y.o., years old; ZIKV, Zika Virus.
| Socio-Demographic Factors | Pregnant Travellers | Pregnant Women Living in Endemic Areas | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 144 | n = 721 | |||||||
| All Pregnant Travellers | Recent Maternal ZIKV Infection | Negative ZIKV Infection | All Pregnant Women Living in Endemic Areas | Recent Maternal ZIKV Infection | Negative ZIKV Infection | |||
| n = 144 | n = 36 | n = 108 | n = 721 | n = 309 | n = 412 | |||
| Maternal age | ||||||||
| Median—y.o. (IQR) | 31 (27–35) | 28.5 (24–31.5) | 32 (28–35) | 28 (23–34) | 27.1 (22.4–32.7) | 28.3 (23.6–34.0) | ||
| Age > 35 y.o.—no (%) | 38 (26.4) | 5 (13.9) | 33 (30.6) | 193 (26.8) | 52 (16.8) | 141 (34.2) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Caucasian | 29 (20.1) | 2 (5.6) | 27 (25.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | ||
| Hispanic or latino-american | 47 (32.6) | 16 (44.4) | 31 (28.7) | 644 (89.3) | 300 (97.1) | 344 (83.5) | ||
| Afro-american | 5 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.6) | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | ||
| Asian or Pacific Islands | 8 (5.6) | 1 (2.8) | 7 (6.5) | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | ||
| Other | 3 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Unknown | 52 (36.1) | 17 (47.2) | 35 (32.4) | 72 (10.0) | 9 (2.9) | 63 (15.3) | ||
| Previous pregnancies—no (IQR) | ||||||||
| Nulliparous—no (%) | 76 (52.8) | 18 (50.0) | 58 (53.7) | 307 (42.6) | 105 (34.0) | 202 (49.0) | ||
| Multiparous | 68 (47.2) | 18 (50.0) | 50 (46.3) | 414 (57.4) | 204 (66.0) | 210 (51.0) | ||
| Multiparous ≥ 3 | 5 (3.5) | 2 (5.6) | 3 (2.8) | 296 (41.1) | 141 (45.6) | 155 (37.6) | ||
| Previous adverse pregnancy outcomes—no (%) | ||||||||
| Stillbirths | 11 (7.6) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (10.2) | 27 (3.8) | 10 (3.2) | 17 (4.1) | ||
| Spontaneous abortions | 44 (30.6) | 11 (30.6) | 33 (30.6) | 147 (20.4) | 45 (14.6) | 102 (24.8) | ||
| Maternal comorbidities—no (%) | ||||||||
| All maternal comobidities | 50 (34.7) | 10 (27.8) | 40 (37.0) | 292 (40.5) | 125 (40.4) | 167 (40.5) | ||
| Diabetes (previous or gestational) | ||||||||
| Previous | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 7 (1) | 3 (1.0) | 4 (1.0) | ||
| Gestational | 6 (4.2) | 1 (2.8) | 5 (4.6) | 29 (4.0) | 11 (3.6) | 18 (4.4) | ||
| unknown | 45 (31.3) | 20 (55.6) | 25 (23.1) | 80 (11.1) | 17 (5.5) | 63 (1.5) | ||
| Thyroid dysfunction | ||||||||
| Hypothyroidism | 7 (4.9) | 1 (2.8) | 6 (5.6) | 3 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.5) | ||
| Hyperthyroidism | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Unknown | 56 (38.9) | 20 (55.6) | 36 (33.3) | 693 (96.1) | 293 (94.8) | 400 (97.1) | ||
| Vascular pathologies | ||||||||
| Pre-existing HTA | 1 (0.7) | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (1.3) | 5 (1.6) | 4 (1.0) | ||
| Gestational/pre-eclampsia | 3 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (6.5) | 34 (4.7) | 17 (5.5) | 17 (4.1) | ||
| Unknown | 15 (10.4) | 10 (27.8) | 5 (4.6) | 12 (1.7) | 10 (3.2) | 2 (0.5) | ||
| Drugs | ||||||||
| Cigarettes | 6 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (5.6) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | ||
| Alcool | 5 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.6) | 12 (1.7) | 6 (1.9) | 6 (1.5) | ||
| Unknown | 48 (33.3) | 20 (55.6) | 28 (25.9) | 81 (11.2) | 18 (5.8) | 63 (1.5) | ||
| Antenatal screening | ||||||||
| Aneuploidy screening | ||||||||
| Risk of T21 > 1/1000 | 6 (4.2) | 1 (2.8) | 5 (4.6) | 108 (15.0) | 26 (8.4) | 82 (19.9) | ||
| Unknown T21 risk | 82 (56.8) | 29 (80.6) | 53 (49.1) | 273 (37.9) | 146 (47.3) | 127 (30.8) | ||
| Genetic screening (NIPT/Amniocentesis) | ||||||||
| Abnormal | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Serologies screening | ||||||||
| Abnormal | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.7) | ||