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. 2021 Feb 22;11(2):169. doi: 10.3390/life11020169

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Action of direct anti-HDV agents on the HDV life circle. HDV enters the hepatocyte through NTCP. The replication is carried out in the nucleus. Large HDAg is farnesylated in the cytoplasm. Assembly ends in the Golgi apparatus with the bond between HBsAg and HDAg. Bulevirtide inhibits NTCP (entry), lonafarnib inhibits prenylation (farnesylation, assembly), NAPs inhibit NTCP (entry), farnesylation (assembly) and release. Footnotes: NTCP, sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide; HDV, hepatitis D virus; HDAg, hepatitis D antigen; L-HDAg, large hepatits D antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; NAPs, nucleic acid polymers.