Table 3.
Comparison of pre-pregnancy characteristics between clusters (n (%)/Mean (SD)).
| Variable | Total | Good Sleeper | Poor Sleeper | Low Activity | x2 or F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 284 | n = 180 (63.4%) | n = 70 (24.6%) | n = 34 (12.0%) | |||
| Age (year) | <35 | 159 (88.8) | 55 (78.6) | 29 (87.9) | 4.53 | 0.104 |
| ≥35 | 20 (11.2) | 15 (21.4) | 4 (12.1) | |||
| Education | High school | 24 (13.5) | 16 (22.9) | 3 (8.8) | 12.01 | 0.017 |
| College | 126 (70.8) | 50 (71.4) | 30 (88.2) | |||
| Graduate | 28 (15.7) | 4 (5.7) | 1 (2.9) | |||
| Employment | No | 131 (74.4) | 55 (79.7) | 28 (82.4) | 1.47 | 0.481 |
| Yes | 45 (25.6) | 14 (20.3) | 6 (17.6) | |||
| Household | Very Low | 24 (13.7) | 10 (14.3) | 1 (3.3) | 14.68 | 0.023 |
| income | Low | 99 (56.6) | 46 (65.7) | 26 (86.7) | ||
| Medium | 36 (20.6) | 13 (18.6) | 3 (10.0) | |||
| High | 16 (9.1) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | |||
| Planned | No | 57 (32.2) | 26 (37.7) | 11 (32.4) | 0.69 | 0.707 |
| pregnancy | Yes | 120 (67.8) | 43 (62.3) | 23 (67.6) | ||
| Trimester | 1st | 16 (8.9) | 4 (5.8) | 2 (5.9) | 12.72 | 0.013 |
| 2nd | 94 (52.5) | 2 (31.9) | 13 (38.2) | |||
| 3rd | 69 (35.8) | 43 (62.3) | 19 (55.9) | |||
| Pre-pregnancy | Under-weight | 23 (13.0) | 12 (18.8) | 4 (12.1) | 5.97 | 0.470 |
| BMI | Normal weight | 126 (71.2) | 38 (59.4) | 24 (72.7) | ||
| Over-weight | 17 (9.6) | 7 (10.9) | 1 (3.0) | |||
| Obese | 11 (6.2) | 7 (10.9) | 4 (12.1) | |||
| Pre-pregnancy | No | 108 (60.3) | 34 (49.3) | 23 (67.6) | 3.84 | 0.147 |
| regular exercise | Yes | 71 (39.7) | 35 (50.7) | 11 (32.4) | ||
| Pre-pregnancy | No | 95 (53.4) | 22 (31.9) | 15 (44.1) | 9.34 | 0.009 |
| drinking | Yes | 83 (46.6) | 47 (68.1) | 19 (55.9) | ||
| Pre-pregnancy | No | 157 (88.7) | 55 (79.7) | 34 (100) | 9.11 | 0.011 |
| smoking | Yes | 20 (11.3) | 14 (20.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Depressive | Non-depressed (≤15) | 158 (87.8) | 46 (65.7) | 23 (67.6) | 18.93 | <0.001 |
| symptom | Depressed (≥16) | 22 (12.2) | 24 (34.3) | 11 (32.4) | ||
| Pregnancy stress | 29.7 (10.6) | 34.8 (11.8) | 32.6 (11.1) | 5.43 | 0.005 |
BMI = body mass index.